The 2003 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ have less than 1 kW of power) (1997)

      Televisions:

       63 million (1997)

      Internet country code:

       .in

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

       43 (2000)

      Internet users:

       7 million (2002)

      Transportation India

      Railways:

       total: 63,518 km (15,009 km electrified)

       broad gauge: 45,142 km 1.676-m gauge

       narrow gauge: 15,013 km 1.000-m gauge; 3,363 km 0.762-m gauge and

       0.610-m gauge (2002)

      Highways: total: 3,319,644 km paved: 1,517,077 km unpaved: 1,802,567 km (1999 est.)

      Waterways:

       16,180 km

       note: 3,631 km navigable by large vessels

      Pipelines:

       gas 5,798 km; liquid petroleum gas 1,195 km; oil 5,613 km; refined

       products 5,567 km (2003)

      Ports and harbors:

       Chennai (Madras), Cochin, Jawaharal Nehru, Kandla, Kolkata

       (Calcutta), Mumbai (Bombay), Vishakhapatnam

      Merchant marine:

       total: 305 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,753,279 GRT/9,621,911 DWT

       ships by type: bulk 100, cargo 82, chemical tanker 15, combination

       bulk 2, combination ore/oil 2, container 10, liquefied gas 10,

       passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 75, roll on/roll off 1,

       short-sea passenger 2, specialized tanker 1

       note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of

       convenience: China 1, UAE 10, UK 1 (2002 est.)

      Airports:

       334 (2002)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 232 over 3,047 m: 14 2,438 to 3,047 m: 47 914 to 1,523 m: 73 under 914 m: 20 (2002) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 78

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 102 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 under 914 m: 48 (2002) 914 to 1,523 m: 42

      Heliports: 19 (2002)

      Military India

      Military branches:

       Army, Navy (including naval air arm), Air Force, Strategic Nuclear

       Command (SNC), Coast Guard, various security or paramilitary forces

       (including Border Security Force, Assam Rifles, Rashtriya Rifles,

       National Security Guards, Indo-Tibetan Border Police, Special

       Frontier Force, Ladakh Scouts, Central Reserve Police Force, Central

       Industrial Security Force, Railway Protection Force, Defense

       Security Corps, and Indian Reserve Battalions)

      Military manpower - military age:

       17 years of age (2003 est.)

      Military manpower - availability:

       males age 15–49: 288,251,975 (2003 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 169 million (2003 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually:

       males: 11,035,174 (2003 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       $11.52 billion (FY02)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

       2.3% (FY02)

      Transnational Issues India

      Disputes - international:

       much of the rugged, militarized boundary with China is in dispute,

       but the two sides have participated in more than 13 rounds of joint

       working group sessions on this issue; India objects to Pakistan

       ceding lands to China in 1965 boundary agreement that India believes

       are part of disputed Kashmir; with Pakistan, armed stand-off over

       the status and sovereignty of Kashmir continues; disputes with

       Pakistan over Indus River water sharing and the terminus of the Rann

       of Kutch, which prevents maritime boundary delimitation; Joint

       Border Committee with Nepal continues to work on resolution of

       disputed boundary sections; dispute with Bangladesh over New

       Moore/South Talpatty Island in the Bay of Bengal prevents maritime

       boundary delimitation

      Illicit drugs:

       world's largest producer of licit opium for the pharmaceutical

       trade, but an undetermined quantity of opium is diverted to illicit

       international drug markets; transit point for illicit narcotics

       produced in neighboring countries; illicit producer of methaqualone;

       vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through the hawala system

      This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003

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      @Indian Ocean

      Introduction Indian Ocean

      Background:

       The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's five oceans

       (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the

       Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four critically important access

       waterways are the Suez Canal (Egypt), Bab el Mandeb

       (Djibouti-Yemen), Strait of Hormuz СКАЧАТЬ