The 2003 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ border countries: Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463

       km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km

      Coastline:

       7,000 km

      Maritime claims:

       contiguous zone: 24 NM

       territorial sea: 12 NM

       continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin

       exclusive economic zone: 200 NM

      Climate:

       varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north

      Terrain:

       upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along

       the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m

       highest point: Kanchenjunga 8,598 m

      Natural resources:

       coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese,

       mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds,

       petroleum, limestone, arable land

      Land use:

       arable land: 54.35%

       permanent crops: 2.66%

       other: 42.99% (1998 est.)

      Irrigated land:

       590,000 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive

       flooding from monsoonal rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes

      Environment - current issues:

       deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air

       pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water

       pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; tap

       water is not potable throughout the country; huge and growing

       population is overstraining natural resources

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living

       Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,

       Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,

       Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship

       Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

       signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

       dominates South Asian subcontinent; near important Indian Ocean

       trade routes

      People India

      Population:

       1,049,700,118 (July 2003 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 32.2% (male 173,973,350; female 163,979,116)

       15–64 years: 63% (male 342,620,712; female 319,259,867)

       65 years and over: 4.8% (male 25,281,756; female 24,585,317) (2003

       est.)

      Median age:

       total: 24.1 years

       male: 24.1 years

       female: 24.2 years (2002)

      Population growth rate:

       1.47% (2003 est.)

      Birth rate:

       23.28 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Death rate:

       8.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Net migration rate:

       −0.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female

       total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2003 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

       total: 59.59 deaths/1,000 live births

       female: 58.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)

       male: 60.23 deaths/1,000 live births

      Life expectancy at birth:

       total population: 63.62 years

       male: 62.92 years

       female: 64.37 years (2003 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

       2.91 children born/woman (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

       0.8% (2001 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

       3.97 million (2001 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

       310,000 (2001 est.)

      Nationality:

       noun: Indian(s)

       adjective: Indian

      Ethnic groups:

       Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)

      Religions:

       Hindu 81.3%, Muslim 12%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other groups

       including Buddhist, Jain, Parsi 2.5% (2000)

      Languages:

       СКАЧАТЬ