The 2005 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ state-owned service provider; in recent years significant trunk

       capacity added in the form of fiber-optic cable and one of the

       world's largest domestic satellite systems, the Indian National

       Satellite system (INSAT), with five satellites supporting 33,000

       very small aperture terminals (VSAT)

       international: country code - 91; satellite earth stations - 8

       Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region); nine

       gateway exchanges operating from Mumbai (Bombay), New Delhi, Kolkata

       (Calcutta), Chennai (Madras), Jalandhar, Kanpur, Gandhinagar,

       Hyderabad, and Ernakulam; 5 submarine cables, including Sea-Me-We-3

       with landing sites at Cochin and Mumbai (Bombay), Fiber-Optic Link

       Around the Globe (FLAG) with landing site at Mumbai (Bombay), South

       Africa - Far East (SAFE) with landing site at Cochin, i2icn linking

       to Singapore with landing sites at Mumbai (Bombay) and Chennai

       (Madras), and Tata Indicom linking Singapore and Chennai (Madras),

       provide a significant increase in the bandwidth available for both

       voice and data traffic (2004)

      Radio broadcast stations:

       AM 153, FM 91, shortwave 68 (1998)

      Radios:

       116 million (1997)

      Television broadcast stations: 562 (of which 82 stations have 1 kW or greater power and 480 stations have less than 1 kW of power) (1997)

      Televisions:

       63 million (1997)

      Internet country code:

       .in

      Internet hosts:

       86,871 (2003)

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

       43 (2000)

      Internet users:

       18.481 million (2003)

      Transportation India

      Railways:

       total: 63,230 km (16,693 km electrified)

       broad gauge: 45,718 km 1.676-m gauge

       narrow gauge: 14,406 km 1.000-m gauge; 3,106 km 0.762-m gauge and

       0.610-m gauge (2004)

      Highways:

       total: 2,525,989 km

       paved: 1,448,655 km

       unpaved: 1,077,334 km (1999)

      Waterways:

       14,500 km

       note: 5,200 km on major rivers and 485 km on canals suitable for

       mechanized vessels (2004)

      Pipelines:

       gas 6,171 km; liquid petroleum gas 1,195 km; oil 5,613 km; refined

       products 5,567 km (2004)

      Ports and harbors:

       Chennai, Haldia, Jawaharal Nehru, Kandla, Kolkata (Calcutta),

       Mumbai (Bombay), New Mangalore, Vishakhapatnam

      Merchant marine:

       total: 299 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 6,555,507 GRT/11,069,791 DWT

       by type: bulk carrier 85, cargo 75, chemical tanker 13, combination

       ore/oil 1, container 7, liquefied gas 14, passenger 3,

       passenger/cargo 9, petroleum tanker 91, roll on/roll off 1

       foreign-owned: 10 (Australia 1, China 1, Greece 1, UAE 6, United

       Kingdom 1)

       registered in other countries: 30 (2005)

      Airports:

       333 (2004 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 234 over 3,047 m: 14 2,438 to 3,047 m: 47 1,524 to 2,437 m: 78 914 to 1,523 m: 74 under 914 m: 21 (2004 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 99 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 42 under 914 m: 45 (2004 est.)

      Heliports: 20 (2004 est.)

      Military India

      Military branches:

       Army, Navy (includes naval air arm), Air Force, Coast Guard,

       various security or paramilitary forces (includes Border Security

       Force, Assam Rifles, National Security Guards, Indo-Tibetan Border

       Police, Special Frontier Force, Central Reserve Police Force,

       Central Industrial Security Force, Railway Protection Force, and

       Defense Security Corps)

      Military service age and obligation:

       16 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)

      Manpower available for military service:

       males age 16–49: 287,551,111 (2005 est.)

      Manpower fit for military service:

       males age 16–49: 219,471,999 (2005 est.)

      Manpower reaching military service age annually:

       males: 11,446,452 (2005 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       $18.86 billion (2005)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

       2.93% (2005/06)

      Transnational Issues India

      Disputes - international:

       China and India launched a security and foreign policy dialogue in

       2005, consolidating discussions related to the dispute over most of

       their rugged, militarized boundary, regional nuclear proliferation,

       СКАЧАТЬ