The 2005 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ marine:

       total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,341 GRT/6,019 DWT

       by type: cargo 2, passenger/cargo 1

       registered in other countries: 30 (2005)

      Airports:

       98 (2004 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways:

       total: 5

       over 3,047 m: 1

       1,524 to 2,437 m: 3

       914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways:

       total: 93

       1,524 to 2,437 m: 3

       914 to 1,523 m: 29

       under 914 m: 61 (2004 est.)

      Military Iceland

      Military branches:

       no regular armed forces; Icelandic National Police, Icelandic Coast

       Guard (Islenska Landhelgisgaeslan)

      Manpower available for military service:

       males age 18–49: 69,038 (2005 est.)

      Manpower fit for military service:

       males age 18–49: 56,777 (2005 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       0

      Military - note:

       defense is provided by the US-manned Icelandic Defense Force (IDF)

       headquartered at Keflavik

      Transnational Issues Iceland

      Disputes - international:

       Iceland disputes Denmark's alignment of the Faroe Islands'

       fisheries median line; Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute

       Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends

       beyond 200 nm

      This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

      ======================================================================

      @India

      Introduction India

      Background:

       The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world,

       dates back at least 5,000 years. Aryan tribes from the northwest

       invaded about 1500 B.C.; their merger with the earlier Dravidian

       inhabitants created the classical Indian culture. Arab incursions

       starting in the 8th century and Turkish in the 12th were followed by

       those of European traders, beginning in the late 15th century. By

       the 19th century, Britain had assumed political control of virtually

       all Indian lands. Indian armed forces in the British army played a

       vital role in both World Wars. Nonviolent resistance to British

       colonialism led by Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU brought

       independence in 1947. The subcontinent was divided into the secular

       state of India and the smaller Muslim state of Pakistan. A third war

       between the two countries in 1971 resulted in East Pakistan becoming

       the separate nation of Bangladesh. Despite impressive gains in

       economic investment and output, India faces pressing problems such

       as the ongoing dispute with Pakistan over Kashmir, massive

       overpopulation, environmental degradation, extensive poverty, and

       ethnic and religious strife.

      Geography India

      Location:

       Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal,

       between Burma and Pakistan

      Geographic coordinates:

       20 00 N, 77 00 E

      Map references:

       Asia

      Area:

       total: 3,287,590 sq km

       land: 2,973,190 sq km

       water: 314,400 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly more than one-third the size of the US

      Land boundaries:

       total: 14,103 km

       border countries: Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463

       km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km

      Coastline:

       7,000 km

      Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

      Climate:

       varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north

      Terrain:

       upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along

       the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m

       highest point: Kanchenjunga 8,598 m

      Natural resources:

       coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese,

       mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds,

       petroleum, limestone, arable land

      Land use:

       arable land: 54.4%

       permanent crops: 2.74%

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