The 2003 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ est.)

      Government Iran

      Country name:

       conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Iran

       conventional short form: Iran

       local short form: Iran

       former: Persia

       local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran

      Government type:

       theocratic republic

      Capital:

       Tehran

      Administrative divisions:

       28 provinces (ostanha, singular - ostan); Ardabil, Azarbayjan-e

       Gharbi, Azarbayjan-e Sharqi, Bushehr, Chahar Mahall va Bakhtiari,

       Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamadan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman,

       Kermanshah, Khorasan, Khuzestan, Kohkiluyeh va Buyer Ahmad,

       Kordestan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Qom, Semnan,

       Sistan va Baluchestan, Tehran, Yazd, Zanjan

      Independence:

       1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed)

      National holiday:

       Republic Day, 1 April (1979)

       note: additional holidays celebrated widely in Iran include

       Revolution Day, 11 February (1979); Noruz (New Year's Day), 21

       March; Constitutional Monarchy Day, 5 August (1925)

      Constitution:

       2–3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency

       and eliminate the prime ministership

      Legal system:

       the Constitution codifies Islamic principles of government

      Suffrage:

       15 years of age; universal

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI

       (since 4 June 1989)

       elections: leader of the Islamic Revolution appointed for life by

       the Assembly of Experts; president elected by popular vote for a

       four-year term; election last held 8 June 2001 (next to be held June

       2005)

       election results: (Ali) Mohammad KHATAMI-Ardakani reelected

       president; percent of vote - (Ali) Mohammad KHATAMI-Ardakani 77%

       cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president with

       legislative approval; the Supreme Leader has some control over

       appointments to the more sensitive ministries

       head of government: President (Ali) Mohammad KHATAMI-Ardakani (since

       3 August 1997); First Vice President Dr. Mohammad Reza AREF-YAZDI

       (since 26 August 2001)

      Legislative branch:

       unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly or

       Majles-e-Shura-ye-Eslami (290 seats, note - changed from 270 seats

       with the 18 February 2000 election; members elected by popular vote

       to serve four-year terms)

       elections: last held 18 February 2000 with a runoff held 5 May 2000

       (next to be held February 2004)

       election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by party - reformers

       189, conservatives 54, independents 42, seats reserved for religious

       minorities 5

      Judicial branch:

       Supreme Court

      Political parties and leaders:

       a loose pro-reform coalition called the 2nd Khordad front achieved

       considerable success at elections to the sixth Majles in early 2000,

       and groups in the coalition include: Islamic Iran Participation

       Front (IIPF); Executives of Construction Party (Kargozaran);

       Solidarity Party; Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization

       (MIRO); and Militant Clerics Society (Ruhaniyun); a new apparently

       conservative group, the Builders of Islamic Iran, emerged at the

       local level in early 2003

      Political pressure groups and leaders:

       active pro-reform student groups include the "Organization for

       Strengthening Unity"; groups that generally support the Islamic

       Republic include Ansar-e Hizballah, Muslim Students Following the

       Line of the Imam, Tehran Militant Clergy Association (Ruhaniyat),

       Islamic Coalition Association, and Islamic Engineers Society;

       opposition groups include Freedom Movement of Iran, the National

       Front, Marz-e Por Gohar, and various Monarchist organizations; armed

       political groups that have been almost completely repressed by the

       government include Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK), People's

       Fedayeen, Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan, and Komala

      International organization participation:

       CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC,

       ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF,

       IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN,

       UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,

       WToO

      Diplomatic representation in the US: none; note - Iran has an Interests Section in the Pakistani Embassy; address: Iranian Interests Section, Pakistani Embassy, 2209 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007; telephone: [1] (202) СКАЧАТЬ