The 2003 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ extensive flooding in

       central and southern Iraq

      Terrain:

       mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south

       with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran and

       Turkey

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m

       highest point: unamed peak 3,611 m; note - this peak is not Gundah

       Zhur 3,607 m or Kuh-e Hajji-Ebrahim 3,595 m

      Natural resources:

       petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur

      Land use: arable land: 11.89% permanent crops: 0.78% other: 87.33% (1998 est.)

      Irrigated land:

       35,250 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       dust storms, sandstorms, floods

      Environment - current issues:

       government water control projects have drained most of the

       inhabited marsh areas east of An Nasiriyah by drying up or diverting

       the feeder streams and rivers; a once sizable population of Marsh

       Arabs, who inhabited these areas for thousands of years, has been

       displaced; furthermore, the destruction of the natural habitat poses

       serious threats to the area's wildlife populations; inadequate

       supplies of potable water; development of the Tigris and Euphrates

       rivers system contingent upon agreements with upstream riparian

       Turkey; air and water pollution; soil degradation (salination) and

       erosion; desertification

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban

       signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

      Geography - note:

       strategic location on Shatt al Arab waterway and at the head of the

       Persian Gulf

      People Iraq

      Population:

       24,683,313 (July 2003 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 40.7% (male 5,103,669; female 4,946,443)

       15–64 years: 56.3% (male 7,033,268; female 6,855,644)

       65 years and over: 3% (male 348,790; female 395,499) (2003 est.)

      Median age:

       total: 19 years

       male: 18.9 years

       female: 19.1 years (2002)

      Population growth rate:

       2.78% (2003 est.)

      Birth rate:

       33.66 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Death rate:

       5.84 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Net migration rate:

       0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female

       total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2003 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

       total: 55.16 deaths/1,000 live births

       female: 48.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)

       male: 61.09 deaths/1,000 live births

      Life expectancy at birth:

       total population: 67.81 years

       male: 66.7 years

       female: 68.99 years (2003 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

       4.52 children born/woman (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

       less than 0.1% (2001 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

       less than 1,000

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

       NA

      Nationality:

       noun: Iraqi(s)

       adjective: Iraqi

      Ethnic groups:

       Arab 75%-80%, Kurdish 15%-20%, Turkoman, Assyrian or other 5%

      Religions:

       Muslim 97% (Shi'a 60%-65%, Sunni 32%-37%), Christian or other 3%

      Languages:

       Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian

      Literacy:

       definition: age 15 and over can read and write

       total population: 40.4%

       male: 55.9%

       female: 24.4% (2003 est.)

      Government Iraq

      Country name:

       conventional long form: Republic of Iraq

       conventional short form: Iraq

       local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah

       local short form: Al Iraq

      Government type:

       in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime

       by US-led coalition

      Capital:

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