The 2003 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ 10.9%, Italy 9%, France 7.9%, China 7.4%, South Korea 6.5%,

       UAE 4.4%, Japan 4.1%, Russia 4% (2002)

      Debt - external:

       $8.7 billion (2002 est.)

      Economic aid - recipient:

       $408 million (2002 est.)

      Currency:

       Iranian rial (IRR)

      Currency code:

       IRR

      Exchange rates:

       rials per US dollar 6,906.96 (2002), 1,753.56 (2001), 1,764.43

       (2000), 1,752.93 (1999), 1,751.86 (1998)

       note: from 1997 to 2001, Iran had a multi-exchange-rate system; one

       of these rates, the official floating exchange rate, by which most

       essential goods were imported, averaged 1,750 rials per US dollar;

       in March 2002, the multi-exchange-rate system was converged into one

       rate at about 7,900 rials per US dollar

      Fiscal year:

       21 March - 20 March

      Communications Iran

      Telephones - main lines in use:

       6.313 million (1997)

      Telephones - mobile cellular:

       265,000 (August 1998)

      Telephone system:

       general assessment: inadequate but currently being modernized and

       expanded with the goal of not only improving the efficiency and

       increasing the volume of the urban service but also bringing

       telephone service to several thousand villages, not presently

       connected

       domestic: as a result of heavy investing in the telephone system

       since 1994, the number of long-distance channels in the microwave

       radio relay trunk has grown substantially; many villages have been

       brought into the net; the number of main lines in the urban systems

       has approximately doubled; and thousands of mobile cellular

       subscribers are being served; moreover, the technical level of the

       system has been raised by the installation of thousands of digital

       switches

       international: HF radio and microwave radio relay to Turkey,

       Azerbaijan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Syria, Kuwait,

       Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan; submarine fiber-optic cable to UAE with

       access to Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG);

       Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line runs from Azerbaijan

       through the northern portion of Iran to Turkmenistan with expansion

       to Georgia and Azerbaijan; satellite earth stations - 9 Intelsat and

       4 Inmarsat

      Radio broadcast stations:

       AM 72, FM 5, shortwave 5 (1998)

      Radios:

       17 million (1997)

      Television broadcast stations:

       28 (plus 450 low-power repeaters) (1997)

      Televisions:

       4.61 million (1997)

      Internet country code:

       .ir

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

       100 (2002)

      Internet users:

       1.326 million (2002 est.)

      Transportation Iran

      Railways:

       total: 7,201 km

       broad gauge: 94 km 1.676-m gauge

       standard gauge: 7,107 km 1.435-m gauge (146 km electrified) (2002)

      Highways:

       total: 167,157 km

       paved: 94,109 km (including 890 km of expressways)

       unpaved: 73,048 km (1998)

      Waterways:

       904 km

       note: the Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic for

       about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 m and is in use

      Pipelines:

       condensate/gas 212 km; gas 16,998 km; liquid petroleum gas 570 km;

       oil 8,256 km; refined products 7,808 km (2003)

      Ports and harbors:

       Abadan (largely destroyed in fighting during 1980–88 war), Ahvaz,

       Bandar 'Abbas, Bandar-e Anzali, Bushehr, Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni,

       Bandar-e Lengeh, Bandar-e Mahshahr, Bandar-e Torkaman, Chabahar

       (Bandar Beheshti), Jazireh-ye Khark, Jazireh-ye Lavan, Jazireh-ye

       Sirri, Khorramshahr (limited operation since November 1992), Now

       Shahr

      Merchant marine:

       total: 139 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,190,576 GRT/7,276,700 DWT

       ships by type: bulk 43, cargo 34, chemical tanker 4, container 10,

       liquefied gas 1, multi-functional large-load carrier 6, petroleum

       tanker 30, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 9, short-sea

       passenger 1 (2002 est.)

      Airports:

       309 (2002)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 122 over 3,047 m: 39 2,438 to 3,047 m: 25 914 to 1,523 m: 27 under 914 m: 4 (2002) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 27

      Airports СКАЧАТЬ