Continuing Korean. Ross King

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СКАЧАТЬ I haven’t been out for a whole month.

      17.2.2. Compound Verbs: Resultant States with 있-

      Another kind of compound verb expression involves the verb 있어요 is, stays used as an auxiliary to show resultant states. This is a very important usage, which you should observe carefully.

Base	English	Resultant State	English
앉-	sit	앉아 있어요	is seated
		앉아 있지 않아요	is not seated
누w-	lie down	누워 있어요	is lying down
		누워 있지 않아요	is not lying down
서-	stand up	서 있어요	is standing
		서 있지 않아요	is not standing
열리-	be opened	열려 있어요	(door) is open, ajar
		열려 있지 않아요	is not open
닫히-	be shut	닫혀 있어요	is shut, closed
		닫혀 있지 않아요	is not shut, closed
포함되-	be included	포함돼 있어요	is included
		포함돼 있지 않아요	is not included
드-ᄅ-	go into	들어 있어요	is contained
		들어 있지 않아요	is not contained

      Here are some more examples of resultant state compound verb expressions in sentences.

17.	서비스는 포함돼 있어요? Is the service included?
18.	나는 누워 있지도，앉아 있지도 않았어요. 서 있었어요. I was neither lying down or sitting. I was standing.
19.	저 창문이 열려 있어요? Is that window over there open?
20.	난방，냉방 장치가 다 돼 있습니다. Heating and air-conditioning installations are all in place.
Note that verbs denoting wearing behave somewhat differently and do not take this construction. Instead, they use the -고 있어요 pattern, which is ambiguous between the two meanings of is wearing [i.e., is in the state resulting from having put on], and is in the process of putting on.
21.	만호 씨는 넥타이를 매고 있어요. Manho is wearing a tie, or Manho is putting on a tie.
22.	수진 씨는 청바지를 입고 있어요. Sujin is wearing blue jeans, or Sujin is putting on blue jeans.

      17.3. The Exploratory Pattern in -어 봐요

      Observe the following sentences.

23.	회사에 전화를 걸어 보세요. Try making a call to the company.
24.	김치를 먹어 봤어요? Have you tried eating kimchee?
The verb 봐요 ordinarily means looks, sees, reads. As an auxiliary verb following an infinitive, however, it means tries doing—not attempts to do but tries doing—samples the act to see what it’s like, does it to see (just how it will be, how it will turn out, etc.)—an exploratory construction. Some actions are by their very nature exploratory. You have learned the base 물- ask, but this almost always occurs with 보- as 물어보- ask (and see what answer you get). Here are some more examples.
25.	한국말로 편지를 써 봤어요. I tried writing a letter in Korean.
26.	일본 신문을 읽어 봤어요. I glanced through a Japanese newspaper.
27.	영국에 가 보셨어요? Have you ever been to England [to see how you’d like it]?
28.	한국에서 여행해 보셨어요? Have you traveled in Korea?
29.	새 옷을 입어 볼까요? Shall I try on the new clothes?
30.	새 신을 신어 보고 있어요. I’m trying on some new shoes.
31.	새 모자를 써 볼게요. I’ll try on my new hat.
32.	한국에서 살아 보고 싶어요. I wish I could live in Korea (to see what it would be like).

      17.4. Doing Favors with 줘요(주어요)

      To tell about a favor done for someone, you use a compound consisting of the infinitive plus a word for give—either 줘요 gives (to anyone) or 드려요 gives (to someone esteemed). Though it need not be present in a sentence, if you wish to specify the person for whom the favor is done, this person is treated as the indirect object and takes the particle 한테 (or 에게) or its honorific equivalent 께.

СКАЧАТЬ

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33.	택시를 불러 주시겠어요? Would you please call me a cab?
34.	그 친구는 나를 많이 도와 줘요. 부모님도 늘 도와 드리고요. That friend helps me a lot. And he’s always helping his parents, too.