The 2004 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals

      Imports - partners:

       France 9.2%, Netherlands 8.4%, US 7.3%, Italy 6.3%, UK 6%, Belgium

       4.9%, China 4.7%, Austria 4% (2003)

      Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:

       $96.84 billion (2003)

      Debt - external:

       NA (2000 est.)

      Economic aid - donor:

       ODA, $5.6 billion (1998)

      Currency:

       euro (EUR)

       note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the

       euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of

       member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole

       currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

      Currency code:

       EUR

      Exchange rates:

       euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001),

       1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)

      Fiscal year:

       calendar year

      Communications Germany

      Telephones - main lines in use:

       54.35 million (2003)

      Telephones - mobile cellular:

       64.8 million (2003)

      Telephone system:

       general assessment: Germany has one of the world's most

       technologically advanced telecommunications systems; as a result of

       intensive capital expenditures since reunification, the formerly

       backward system of the eastern part of the country, dating back to

       World War II, has been modernized and integrated with that of the

       western part

       domestic: Germany is served by an extensive system of automatic

       telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic

       cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic

       satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available,

       expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to many foreign

       countries

       international: country code - 49; Germany's international service is

       excellent worldwide, consisting of extensive land and undersea cable

       facilities as well as earth stations in the INMARSAT, INTELSAT,

       EUTELSAT, and INTERSPUTNIK satellite systems (2001)

      Radio broadcast stations:

       AM 51, FM 787, shortwave 4 (1998)

      Radios:

       77.8 million (1997)

      Television broadcast stations:

       373 (plus 8,042 repeaters) (1995)

      Televisions:

       51.4 million (1998)

      Internet country code:

       .de

      Internet hosts:

       2,686,119 (2004)

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

       200 (2001)

      Internet users:

       39 million (2003)

      Transportation Germany

      Railways:

       total: 46,039 km (20,100 km electrified)

       standard gauge: 45,801 km 1.435-m gauge (20,084 km electrified)

       narrow gauge: 214 km 1.000-m gauge (16 km electrified); 24 km

       0.750-m gauge (2003)

      Highways:

       total: 230,735 km

       paved: 230,735 km (including 11,515 km of expressways)

       unpaved: 0 km (1999)

      Waterways:

       7,300 km

       note: Rhine River carries most goods; Main-Danube Canal links North

       Sea and Black Sea (2004)

      Pipelines:

       condensate 325 km; gas 25,293 km; oil 3,540 km; refined products

       3,827 km (2004)

      Ports and harbors:

       Berlin, Bonn, Brake, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cologne, Dresden,

       Duisburg, Emden, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Kiel, Luebeck, Magdeburg,

       Mannheim, Rostock, Stuttgart

      Merchant marine:

       total: 278 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,721,495 GRT/6,810,631 DWT

       by type: cargo 71, chemical tanker 14, container 169, liquefied gas

       3, multi-functional large load carrier 1, passenger 3, petroleum

       tanker 5, rail car carrier 2, roll on/roll off 3,

       short-sea/passenger 7

       registered in other countries: 2,295 (2004 est.)

       foreign-owned: Finland 4, Iceland 1, Netherlands 3

      Airports:

       550 (2003 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 331 over 3,047 m: 13 2,438 to 3,047 m: 51 914 to 1,523 m: 71 under 914 m: 134 (2004 est.) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 62

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 219 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 under 914 m: 185 (2004 est.) 914 to 1,523 m: 31

      Heliports: 34 (2003 est.)

      Military СКАЧАТЬ