The 2004 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ Germany

      Military branches:

       Army (Heer), Navy (Deutsche Marine; including Naval Air arm), Air

       Force (Luftwaffe), Joint Support Service, Central Medical Service

      Military manpower - military age and obligation:

       18 years of age (conscripts serve a nine-month tour of compulsory

       military service) (2004 est.)

      Military manpower - availability:

       males age 15–49: 20,468,942 (2004 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 17,338,435 (2004 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually:

       males: 484,837 (2004 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       $35.063 billion (2003)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

       1.5% (2003)

      Transnational Issues Germany

      Disputes - international:

       none

      Illicit drugs:

       source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine

       processors; transshipment point for and consumer of Southwest Asian

       heroin, Latin American cocaine, and European-produced synthetic

       drugs; major financial center

      This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

      ======================================================================

      @Ghana

      Introduction Ghana

      Background:

       Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and

       the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first

       sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. A

       long series of coups resulted in the suspension of the constitution

       in 1981 and the banning of political parties. A new constitution,

       restoring multiparty politics, was approved in 1992. Lt. Jerry

       RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in

       1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a

       third term in 2000. He was succeeded by John KUFUOR, who defeated

       former Vice President Atta MILLS in a free and fair election.

      Geography Ghana

      Location:

       Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire

       and Togo

      Geographic coordinates:

       8 00 N, 2 00 W

      Map references:

       Africa

      Area:

       total: 239,460 sq km

       land: 230,940 sq km

       water: 8,520 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly smaller than Oregon

      Land boundaries:

       total: 2,094 km

       border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo

       877 km

      Coastline:

       539 km

      Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

      Climate:

       tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and

       humid in southwest; hot and dry in north

      Terrain:

       mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

       highest point: Mount Afadjato 880 m

      Natural resources:

       gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish,

       rubber, hydropower

      Land use: arable land: 16.26% permanent crops: 9.67% other: 74.07% (2001)

      Irrigated land:

       110 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to

       March; droughts

      Environment - current issues: recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto

       Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental

       Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer

       Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,

       Wetlands

       signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

      Geography - note:

       Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake

      People Ghana

      Population:

       20,757,032

       note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

       СКАЧАТЬ