The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ price increase of 1% in 1998. Following declines in GDP in both 1996 and 1997, the economy grew an officially estimated 4% in 1998. In September 1998, the IMF approved a three-year Extended Fund Facility, which provides credits worth approximately $864 million, designed to support Bulgaria's reform efforts. The government's structural reform program includes: (a) privatization and, where appropriate, liquidation of state-owned enterprises (SOEs); (b) liberalization of agricultural policies, including creating conditions for the development of a land market; (c) reform of the country's social insurance programs; and, (d) reforms to strengthen contract enforcement and fight crime and corruption.

      GDP: purchasing power parity—$33.6 billion (1998 est.)

      GDP—real growth rate: 4% (1998 est.)

      GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity?$4,100 (1998 est.)

      GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 26% industry: 29% services: 45% (1997 est.)

      Population below poverty line: NA%

      Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3.3% highest 10%: 24.7% (1992)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1% (1998 est.)

      Labor force: 3.57 million (1996 est.)

      Labor force—by occupation: NA

      Unemployment rate: 12.2% (1998 est.)

      Budget:

       revenues: $4.1 billion

       expenditures: $3.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA

       (1998 est.)

      Industries: machine building and metal working, food processing, chemicals, textiles, construction materials, ferrous and nonferrous metals

      Industrial production growth rate: NA%

      Electricity—production: 41.575 billion kWh (1996)

      Electricity—production by source: fossil fuel: 51.17% hydro: 6.1% nuclear: 42.73% other: 0% (1996)

      Electricity—consumption: 41.08 billion kWh (1996)

      Electricity—exports: 2.045 billion kWh (1996)

      Electricity—imports: 1.55 billion kWh (1996)

      Agriculture—products: grain, oilseed, vegetables, fruits, tobacco; livestock

      Exports: $4.5 billion (f.o.b., 1998)

      Exports—commodities: machinery and equipment; metals, minerals,

       and fuels; chemicals and plastics; food, textiles (1997)

      Exports—partners: Italy 12%, Germany 10%, Turkey, Greece, Russia

       (1997)

      Imports: $4.6 billion (f.o.b., 1998 est.)

      Imports—commodities: fuels, minerals, and raw materials; machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; food, textiles (1997)

      Imports—partners: Russia 28%, Germany 11%, Italy, Greece, US (1997)

      Debt—external: $9.3 billion (1998 est.)

      Economic aid—recipient: $NA

      Currency: 1 lev (Lv) = 100 stotinki

      Exchange rates: leva (Lv) per US$1—1,685.10 (January 1999),

       1,760.36 (1998), 1,681.88 (1997), 177.89 (1996), 67.17 (1995), 54.13

       (1994)

       note: the official rate is pegged to the euro as of 1 January 1999

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      Communications

      Telephones: 2,773,293 (1993 est.)

      Telephone system: almost two-thirds of the lines are residential

       domestic: extensive but antiquated transmission system of coaxial

       cable and microwave radio relay; telephone service is available in

       most villages

       international: direct dialing to 36 countries; satellite earth

       stations—1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region); Intelsat available

       through a Greek earth station

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 24, FM 93, shortwave 2 (1998)

      Radios: NA

      Television broadcast stations: 33 (in addition, there are two relays of Russian program OK-1 and two relays of TV-5 Europe) (1997)

      Televisions: 2.1 million (May 1990 est.)

      Transportation

      Railways:

       total: 4,292 km

       standard gauge: 4,047 km 1.435-m gauge (2,650 km electrified; 917 km

       double track)

       narrow gauge: 245 km 0.760-m gauge (1995)

      Highways:

       total: 36,724 km

       paved: 33,786 km (including 314 km of expressways)

       unpaved: 2,938 km (1997 est.)

      Waterways: 470 km (1987)

      Pipelines: crude oil 193 km; petroleum products 525 km; natural gas 1,400 km (1992)

      Ports and harbors: Burgas, Lom, Nesebur, Ruse, Varna, Vidin

      Merchant marine:

       total: 89 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,005,092 GRT/1,508,614

       DWT

       ships by type: bulk 44, cargo 20, chemical tanker 4, container 2,

       oil tanker 8, passenger-cargo 1, railcar carrier 2, refrigerated

       cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 6, short-sea passenger 1 (1998 est.)

      Airports: 61 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with paved runways: total: 56 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 19 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 under 914 m: 25 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with unpaved runways: total: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 4 (1998 est.)

      Military

      Military branches: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Border

       Troops, Internal Troops

      Military manpower—military age: 19 years of age

      Military СКАЧАТЬ