The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ paved runways:

       total: 1

       over 3,047 m: 1 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with unpaved runways:

       total: 1

       914 to 1,523 m: 1 (1998 est.)

      Heliports: 3 (1998 est.)

      Military

      Military branches: Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei

       Police

      Military manpower—military age: 18 years of age

      Military manpower—availability:

       males age 15–49: 88,628 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 51,270 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—reaching military age annually:

       males: 3,078 (1999 est.)

      Military expenditures—dollar figure: $343 million (1997)

      Military expenditures—percent of GDP: 6% (1997)

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes—international: possibly involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands, but has not publicly claimed the island

      ======================================================================

      @Bulgaria————

      Introduction

      Background: A Slavic state, Bulgaria achieved independence in 1908 after 500 years of Ottoman rule. Bulgaria fought on the losing side in both World Wars. After World War II it fell within the Soviet sphere of influence. Communist domination ended in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, and Bulgaria began the contentious process of moving toward political democracy and a market economy. In addition to the problems of structural economic reform, particularly privatization, Bulgaria faces the serious issues of keeping inflation under control and unemployment, combatting corruption, and curbing black-market and mafia-style crime.

      Geography

      Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between

       Romania and Turkey

      Geographic coordinates: 43 00 N, 25 00 E

      Map references: Europe

      Area:

       total: 110,910 sq km

       land: 110,550 sq km

       water: 360 sq km

      Area—comparative: slightly larger than Tennessee

      Land boundaries:

       total: 1,808 km

       border countries: Greece 494 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of

       Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia and Montenegro 318 km (all

       with Serbia), Turkey 240 km

      Coastline: 354 km

      Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

      Climate: temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers

      Terrain: mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Musala 2,925 m

      Natural resources: bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber,

       arable land

      Land use:

       arable land: 37%

       permanent crops: 2%

       permanent pastures: 16%

       forests and woodland: 35%

       other: 10% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 12,370 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: earthquakes, landslides

      Environment—current issues: air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes

      Environment—international agreements:

       party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air

       Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,

       Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,

       Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,

       Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer

       Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

       signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic

       Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

      Geography—note: strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls

       key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia

      People

      Population: 8,194,772 (July 1999 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 16% (male 674,643; female 641,943)

       15–64 years: 68% (male 2,744,634; female 2,800,816)

       65 years and over: 16% (male 570,766; female 761,970) (1999 est.)

      Population growth rate: −0.52% (1999 est.)

      Birth rate: 8.71 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Death rate: 13.2 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Net migration rate: −0.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female

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