The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ in Serb-held area; the deutsche mark (DM) has supplanted local currencies throughout Bosnia

      Exchange rates: NA

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      @Bosnia and Herzegovina:Communications

      Telephones: 727,000

      Telephone system: telephone and telegraph network is in need of modernization and expansion; many urban areas are below average when compared with services in other former Yugoslav republics domestic: NA international : no satellite earth stations

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 9, FM 2, shortwave 0

      Radios: 840,000

      Television broadcast stations: 6

      Televisions: 1,012,094

      @Bosnia and Herzegovina:Transportation

      Railways: total: 1,021 km (electrified 795 km; operating as diesel or steam until grids are repaired) standard gauge: 1,021 km 1.435-m gauge (1995); note - some segments need repair and/or reconstruction

      Highways: total : 21,168 km paved: 11,436 km unpaved: 9,732 km (1991 est.) note: roads need maintenance and repair

      Waterways: NA km; Sava blocked by downed bridges

      Pipelines: crude oil 174 km; natural gas 90 km (1992); note - pipelines now disrupted

      Ports and harbors: Bosanski Brod (access to Ploce, Croatia)

      Merchant marine: none

      Airports: 24 (1996 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 14 2,438 to 3,047 m : 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 7 (1996 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total : 10 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 9 (1996 est.)

      Military

      Military branches: Army

      Military manpower - military age: 19 years of age

      Military manpower - availability: males age 15–49: 865,763 (1997 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service: males: 696,202 (1997 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males : 23,771 (1997 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure: $NA

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP: NA%

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes - international: disputes with Serbia over Serbian populated areas

      Illicit drugs: transit point for minor regional marijuana trafficking routes ______________________________________________________________________

      BOTSWANA

      @Botswana:Geography

      Location: Southern Africa, north of South Africa

      Geographic coordinates: 22 00 S, 24 00 E

      Map references: Africa

      Area: total: 600,370 sq km land: 585,370 sq km water: 15,000 sq km

      Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Texas

      Land boundaries: total: 4,013 km border countries : Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km

      Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

      Climate: semiarid; warm winters and hot summers

      Terrain: predominately flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari

       Desert in southwest

      Elevation extremes: lowest point : junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m highest point: Tsodilo Hill 1,489 m

      Natural resources: diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver

      Land use: arable land : 1% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 46% forests and woodland: 47% other: 6% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 20 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility

      Environment - current issues: overgrazing; desertification; limited fresh water resources

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note: landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country

      @Botswana:People

      Population: 1,500,765 (July 1997 est.)

      Age structure: 0–14 years: 42% (male 319,920; female 312,104) 15–64 years: 54% (male 384,533; female 428,157) 65 years and over : 4% (male 21,949; female 34,102) (July 1997 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.48% (1997 est.)

      Birth rate: 32.65 births/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Death rate: 17.9 deaths/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (1997 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 54.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1997 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 44.52 years male: 43.52 years female: 45.55 years (1997 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 4.14 children born/woman (1997 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural) adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)

      Ethnic groups: Batswana 95%, Kalanga, Basarwa, and Kgalagadi 4%, white 1%

      Religions: indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 50%

      Languages: English (official), Setswana

      Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 69.8% male: 80.5% female: 59.9% (1995 est.)

      @Botswana:Government

      Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Botswana conventional short form: Botswana former СКАЧАТЬ