The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ - production: 3.02 billion kWh (1995)

      Electricity - consumption per capita: 334 kWh (1995 est.)

      Agriculture - products: coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes; timber

      Exports: total value: $1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1995) commodities: metals 39%, natural gas 9%, soybeans 11%, jewelry 11%, wood 8% partners: US 26%, Argentina 17%, UK 15%, Peru 14% (1995)

      Imports: total value : $1.4 billion (c.i.f., 1995) commodities: capital goods 48%, chemicals 11%, petroleum 5%, food 5% (1993 est.) partners: US 18%, Brazil 15%, Japan 13%, Argentina 8% (1995)

      Debt - external: $4.3 billion (November 1996)

      Economic aid: recipient: ODA, $362 million (1993)

      Currency: 1 boliviano ($B) = 100 centavos

      Exchange rates: bolivianos ($B) per US$1 - 5.1720 (November 1996), 4.8003 (1995), 4.6205 (1994), 4.2651 (1993), 3.9005 (1992)

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      @Bolivia:Communications

      Telephones: 144,300 (1987 est.)

      Telephone system: new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities domestic : microwave radio relay system being expanded international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 129, FM 0, shortwave 68

      Radios: NA

      Television broadcast stations: 43

      Televisions: 500,000 (1993 est.)

      @Bolivia:Transportation

      Railways: total : 3,691 km (single track) narrow gauge: 3,652 km 1.000-m gauge; 39 km 0.760-m gauge (13 km electrified) (1995)

      Highways: total: 55,487 km paved: 2,663 km (including 27 km of expressways) unpaved : 52,824 km (1995 est.)

      Waterways: 10,000 km of commercially navigable waterways

      Pipelines: crude oil 1,800 km; petroleum products 580 km; natural gas 1,495 km

      Ports and harbors: none; however, Bolivia has free port privileges in the maritime ports of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay

      Merchant marine: total : 1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,214 GRT/6,390 DWT (1996 est.)

      Airports: 941 (1996 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 693 over 3,047 m : 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 under 914 m: 683 (1996 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total : 248 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 68 914 to 1,523 m: 178 (1996 est.)

      Military

      Military branches: Army (Ejercito Boliviano), Navy (Fuerza Naval

       Boliviana, includes Marines), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Boliviana),

       National Police Force (Policia Nacional de Bolivia)

      Military manpower - military age: 19 years of age

      Military manpower - availability: males age 15–49 : 1,811,952 (1997 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service: males: 1,178,259 (1997 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 80,606 (1997 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure: $145 million (1996)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 1.9% (1996)

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes - international: has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Chile over Rio Lauca water rights

      Illicit drugs: world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Peru and Colombia) with an estimated 48,100 hectares under cultivation in 1996, a one percent decrease in overall cultivation of coca over 1995 levels; Bolivia, however, is the second-largest producer of coca leaf; even so, voluntary and forced eradication programs resulted in leaf production dropping from 85,000 metric tons in 1995 to 75,100 tons in 1996; government considers all but 12,000 hectares illicit; intermediate coca products and cocaine exported to or through Colombia and Brazil to the US and other international drug markets; alternative crop program aims to reduce illicit coca cultivation ______________________________________________________________________

      BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

      Introduction

      Current issues: On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the former Yugoslavia's three warring parties signed a peace agreement that brought to a halt over three years of interethnic civil strife in Bosnia and Herzegovina (the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995). The Dayton Agreement, signed by Bosnian President IZETBEGOVIC, Croatian President TUDJMAN, and Serbian President MILOSEVIC, divides Bosnia and Herzegovina roughly equally between the Muslim/Croat Federation and the Bosnian Serbs while maintaining Bosnia's currently recognized borders. In 1995–96, a NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops served in Bosnia to implement and monitor the military aspects of the agreement. IFOR was succeeded by a smaller, NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) whose mission is to deter renewed hostilities. SFOR will remain in place until June 1998. A High Representative appointed by the UN Security Council is responsible for civilian implementation of the accord, including monitoring implementation, facilitating any difficulties arising in connection with civilian implementation, and coordinating activities of the civilian organizations and agencies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Bosnian conflict began in the spring of 1992 when the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina held a referendum on independence and the Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to form a "greater Serbia." In March 1994, Bosnia's Muslims and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement in Washington creating their joint Muslim/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Federation, formed by the Muslims and Croats in March 1994, is one of two entities (the other being the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska) that comprise Bosnia and Herzegovina.

      @Bosnia and Herzegovina:Geography

      Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia

      Geographic coordinates: 44 00 N, 18 00 E

      Map references: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Europe

      Area: total: 51,233 sq km land: 51,233 sq km water: 0 sq km

      Area - comparative: slightly smaller than West Virginia

      Land boundaries: total: 1,459 km border countries: Croatia 932 km, Serbia and Montenegro 527 km (312 km with Serbia, 215 km with Montenegro)

      Coastline: 20 km

      Maritime claims: NA

      Climate: СКАЧАТЬ