The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Desertification, Tropical Timber 94

      Geography - note: largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador

      @Brazil:People

      Population: 164,511,366 (July 1997 est.)

      Age structure: 0–14 years: 30% (male 25,018,597; female 24,164,894) 15–64 years: 65% (male 53,217,683; female 54,215,461) 65 years and over : 5% (male 3,181,539; female 4,713,192) (July 1997 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.1% (1997 est.)

      Birth rate: 20.43 births/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Death rate: 9.42 deaths/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over : 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (1997 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 53.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1997 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population : 61.42 years male: 56.78 years female: 66.3 years (1997 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 2.29 children born/woman (1997 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Brazilian(s) adjective: Brazilian

      Ethnic groups: white (includes Portuguese, German, Italian, Spanish,

       Polish) 55%, mixed white and black 38%, black 6%, other (includes

       Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 1%

      Religions: Roman Catholic (nominal) 70%

      Languages: Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French

      Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 83.3% male: 83.3% female : 83.2% (1995 est.)

      @Brazil:Government

      Country name: conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil conventional short form: Brazil local long form : Republica Federativa do Brasil local short form: Brasil

      Data code: BR

      Government type: federal republic

      National capital: Brasilia

      Administrative divisions: 26 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1

       federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas,

       Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato

       Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana,

       Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do

       Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins

      Independence: 7 September 1822 (from Portugal)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 7 September (1822)

      Constitution: 5 October 1988

      Legal system: based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage: voluntary between 16 and 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory over 18 and under 70 years of age

      Executive branch: chief of state : President Fernando Henrique CARDOSO (since 1 January 1995); Vice President Marco MACIEL (since 1 January 1995); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Fernando Henrique CARDOSO (since 1 January 1995); Vice President Marco MACIEL (since 1 January 1995); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 3 October 1994 (next to be held NA October 1998) election results: Fernando Henrique CARDOSO elected president; percent of vote - Fernando Henrique CARDOSO 53%, Luis Inacio LULA da Silva 26%, Eneas CARNEIRO 7%, Orestes QUERCIA 4%, Leonel BRIZOLA 3%, Espiridiao AMIN 3%; note - second direct presidential election since 1960

      Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress or Congresso Nacional consists of the Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81 seats; three members from each state or federal district elected according to the principle of majority to serve eight-year terms; one-third elected after a four year period, two-thirds elected after the next four-year period ) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara dos Deputados (513 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: Federal Senate - last held 3 October 1994 for two-thirds of Senate (next to be held October 1998 for one-third of the Senate); Chamber of Deputies - last held 3 October 1994 (next to be held October 1998) election results: Federal Senate - percent of vote by party - PMBD 28%, PFL 22%, PSDB 12%, PPR 7%, PDT 7%, PT 6%, PTB 6%, other 12%; seats by party - NA; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PMDB 21%, PFL 18%, PDT 7%, PSDB 12%, PPR 10%, PTB 6%, PT 10%, other 16%; seats by party - NA note: party totals since the fall of 1994 have changed considerably due to extensive party-switching

      Judicial branch: Supreme Federal Tribunal, judges are appointed for life by the president and confirmed by the Senate

      Political parties and leaders: Brazilian Democratic Movement Party or

       PMDB [Paes DE ANDRADE, president]; Liberal Front Party or PFL [Jose

       JORGE, president]; Workers' Party or PT [Jose DIRCEU, president];

       Brazilian Workers' Party or PTB [Rodrigues PALMA, president];

       Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Leonel BRIZOLA, president]; Brazilian

       Progressive Party or PPB [Espiridiao AMIN, president]; Brazilian

       Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Artur DA TAVOLA, president]; Popular

       Socialist Party or PPS [Roberto FREIRE, president]; Communist Party of

       Brazil or PCdoB [Joao AMAZONAS, chairman]; Liberal Party or PL [Alvaro

       VALLE, president]; Progressive Reform Party or PPR [Esperido AMIN,

       president]

      Political pressure groups and leaders: left wing of the Catholic Church and labor unions allied to leftist Workers' Party are critical of government's social and economic policies

      International organization participation: AfDB, AG (observer), BIS

       (pending member), CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IADB,

       IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, СКАЧАТЬ