The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ terms to 5 years beginning in 1997 election results: Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA elected president; percent of vote - Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA (MNR) 34%, Hugo BANZER Suarez (ADN/MIR alliance) 20%, Carlos PALENQUE Aviles (CONDEPA) 14%, Max FERNANDEZ Rojas (UCS) 13%, Antonio ARANIBAR Quiroga (MBL) 5%; no candidate received a majority of the popular vote; Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA won a congressional runoff election on 4 August 1993 after forming a coalition with Max FERNANDEZ and Antonio ARANIBAR; FERNANDEZ died in a plane crash 26 November 1995

      Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (27 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Chamber of Senators and Chamber of Deputies - last held 6 June 1993 (next to be held June 1997); Constitutional reforms extend congressional terms to 5 years beginning in 1997 election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MNR 17, ADN 4, MIR 4, CONDEPA 1, UCS 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MNR 52, UCS 20, ADN 17, MIR 17, CONDEPA 13, MBL 7, ARBOL 1, ASD 1, EJE 1, PDC 1

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Corte Suprema), judges appointed for a 10-year term by National Congress

      Political parties and leaders:

       Left Parties: Free Bolivia Movement or MBL [Antonio ARANIBAR];

       Patriotic Axis of Convergence or EJE-P [Ramiro BARRANECHEA]; April 9

       Revolutionary Vanguard or VR-9 [Carlos SERRATE]; Alternative of

       Democratic Socialism or ASD [Jerjes JUSTINIANO]; Revolutionary Front

       of the Left or FRI [Oscar ZAMORA]; Bolivian Communist Party or PCB

       [Marcos DOMIC]; United Left or IU [Marcos DOMIC]; Assembly for the

       Sovereignty of the People or ASP [Evo MORALES]; Front of National

       Salvation or FSN [Manual MORALES Davila]; Socialist Party One or PS-1;

       Bolivian Socialist Falange or FSB; Socialist Unzaguista Movement or

       MAS

       Center-Left Parties: Movement of the Revolutionary or MIR [Jaime PAZ

       ZAMORA]; Christian Democrat or PDC [Benjamin MIGUEL]; New Youth Force

       [Alfonso SAAVEDRA Bruno]

       Center Party: Nationalist Revolutionary Movement or MNR [Gonzalo

       SANCHEZ DE LOZADA]

       Center-Right Parties : Nationalist Democratic Action or ADN [Hugo

       BANZER]; New Republican Force or NFR [Manfred REYES VILLA]

       Populist Parties: Civic Solidarity Union or UCS [Johnny FERNANDEZ];

       Conscience of the Fatherland or CONDEPA [Remedios LOZA Alvarado];

       Solidarity and Democracy or SYD; Unity and Progress Movement or MUP

       [Ivo KULJIS]; Popular Patriotic Movement or MPP [Julio MANTILLA]

       Evangelical Party : Bolivian Renovating Alliance or ARBOL [Marcelo

       FERNANDEZ, Hugo VILLEGAS]

       Indigenous Parties: Tupac Katari Revolutionary Liberation Movement or

       MRTK-L [Victor Hugo CARDENAS Conde]; Nationalist Katarista Movement or

       MKN [Fernando UNTOJA]; Front of Katarista Unity or FULKA [Genaro

       FLORES]; Katarismo National Unity or KND [Filepe KITTELSON]

      International organization participation: AG, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77,

       IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,

       Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM,

       OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO,

       WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

      Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Fernando Alvaro COSSIO chancery: 3014 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 483–4410 through 4412 FAX : [1] (202) 328–3712 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco

      Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Curtis Warren KAMMAN embassy: Avenida Arce 2780, San Jorge, La Paz mailing address: P. O. Box 425, La Paz; APO AA 34032 telephone : [591] (2) 430251 FAX: [591] (2) 433900

      Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band

      Economy

      Economy - overview: With its long history of semifeudal social controls, dependence on volatile prices for its mineral exports, and bouts of hyperinflation, Bolivia has remained one of the poorest and least developed Latin American countries. However, Bolivia has experienced generally improving economic conditions since the PAZ Estenssoro administration (1985–89) introduced market-oriented policies which reduced inflation from 11,700% in 1985 to about 20% in 1988. PAZ Estenssoro was followed as president by Jaime PAZ Zamora (1989–93) who continued the free-market policies of his predecessor, despite opposition from his own party and from Bolivia's once powerful labor movement. By maintaining fiscal discipline, PAZ Zamora helped reduce inflation to 9.3% in 1993, while GDP grew by an annual average of 3.25% during his tenure. Inaugurated in August 1993, President SANCHEZ DE LOZADA has vowed to advance the market-oriented economic reforms he helped launch as PAZ Estenssoro's planning minister. His successes include the signing of a free trade agreement with Mexico and the Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur) as well as the privatization of the state airline, phone company, railroad, electric power company, and oil company. Furthermore, SANCHEZ DE LOZADA sponsored legislation creating private social security accounts for all adult Bolivians and capitalized these new accounts with the state's remaining 50% share in the privatized companies.

      GDP: purchasing power parity - $21.5 billion (1996 est.)

      GDP - real growth rate: 3.9% (1996)

      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $3,000 (1996 est.)

      GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 17% industry: 31% services : 52% (1995 est.)

      Inflation rate - consumer price index: 8% (1996)

      Labor force: total: 2.3 million by occupation: agriculture NA%, services and utilities NA%, manufacturing, mining and construction NA%

      Unemployment rate: 18.8% (1995 est.)

      Budget: revenues: $3.75 billion expenditures : $3.75 billion, including capital expenditures of $556.2 million (1995 est.)

      Industries: mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing

      Industrial production growth rate: 4% (1995 est.)

      Electricity - capacity: 804,300 kW (1995)

      Electricity СКАЧАТЬ