Continuing Korean. Ross King

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ particle 도 that have a special maximum- minimum meaning (alongside their usual meaning, in other contexts, of even though it’s . . .) like these.

늦어도	at the latest [even though it’s late]
적어도	at least [even though it’s few or small]

      Here are some examples of these in sentences.

34.	여기서부터 학교까지 적어도 1 시간은 걸리겠어요. From here to the school it must take at least one hour.
35.	오빠 자동차는 빨라도 1 시간에 80킬로 밖에 못 가요. At the fastest, my older brother’s car won’t do over eighty kilometers an hour.
36.	A.	지금 몇 시예요? What time is it now?
	B.	왜요? Why?
	A.	늦어도 10시까지는 집에 들어가야 하거든요. We have to return home by 10 o’clock at the latest.

      18.4. Infinitive -어 + 져요(지-): Get/Become

      The auxiliary verb 져요 (an abbreviation of 지어요 from the base 지-) means begins to be . . . or gets (to be). It follows the infinitives of descriptive verbs (adjectives) to form processive verb compounds, like these.

추워요	is cold	→	추워져요	gets cold, cools off
더워요	is hot	→	더워져요	gets hot, warms up
좋아요	is good	→	좋아져요	gets better
나빠요	is bad	→	나빠져요	gets worse
흐려요	is cloudy	→	흐려져요	gets cloudy, clouds up
피곤해요	is tired	→	피곤해져요	gets tired

      (Notice that natural English often uses a phrase to translate such compounds: warms up, cools off, etc.).

      주의!

      Note that Korean spelling requires that the auxiliary verb 지 - be written flush with the preceding infinitive form, without any intervening space: 추워져요 and not 추워 져요 for gets cold, cools off.

      Verb phrases with the auxiliary descriptive verb 싶어요 wants to, would like to can also enter into such compounds.

(하)고 싶어요	wants to [do]
(하)고 싶어져요	gets so that one wants to [do]
As is usual for compound expressions, the infinitive remains changeless. It is the auxiliary 지 - that adjusts to fit the sentence by adding an appropriate ending:
더워요	is hot
더워져요	gets hot
더워졌어요	got hot
더워질 거예요	will get hot
더워지지만	gets hot, but . . .
더워질까요?	Do you suppose it will get hot?

      The auxiliary 지- is usually inseparable from the infinitive; it is tacked right on to the -어 in pronunciation.

37.	요즘 낮에는 더워지고 밤에는 추워져요. Lately, it gets warm in the daytime and gets cool at night.
38.	날이 갑자기 흐려졌어요. It got cloudy suddenly.
39.	여름 방학 동안에 머리가 길어졌어요. My hair got long over the summer vacation.
40.	재즈음악이 좋아졌어요. I’ve come to like jazz music.
41.	과일값이 비싸졌어요. The price of fruit has gotten expensive.
42.	내 우산이 없어졌어요. My umbrella has disappeared.
Finally, note that whereas it is impossible to use adjectives like 더워요 directly in the construction with -기 시작해요, you can first put it in the -어져요 construction and then use it like any other processive expression.
43.	더워지기 시작했어요. It started getting hot.
44.	숙제가 점점 어려워지기 시작해요. The homework is gradually beginning to get (more) difficult.

      18.5. Can/Cannot Do: -(으)ᄅ 수 있-/없-

      You have already seen a few patterns that incorporate the prospective modifier -(으)ᄅ:-(으)ᄅ 까요? -(으)ᄅ 거예요 and -(으)ᄅ게요. The noun 수 means case, circumstance; way, means and 수(가) 있어요 means literally a means exists. Following the prospective modifier this pattern conveys possibility and/or ability.

      Expressions meaning can and can’t are made in Korean by attaching -(으)ᄅ 수 (pronounced -(으) ᄅ 쑤) plus 있어요 or 없어요 to any plain base. The way in which this is done is exactly the same as you learned for attaching the probable future form in section 13.3 and the wanna form in -(으)ᄅ래요 in section 12.7. That is because the first ᄅ of all those endings is the same—the prospective modifier that we look at in its own right later on. So, for example, L-extending bases attach the ending to the unextended base.

살 수 없어요	can’t live (base 사-ᄅ-)
애기가 걸을 수 있어요?	can the СКАЧАТЬ В начало < 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 > В конец