Continuing Korean. Ross King

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ

12.	A.	이 문제를 꼭 풀어야 돼요? Do we have to solve this problem?
	B.	그럼요，풀어야지요! Of course you have to solve it!
13.	자동차를 빌려야겠어요. We’ll have to rent a car.
Finally, note that you can use the particle 야 on a past infinitive, in a construction meaning should have done, i.e., only if one had done.
14.	어젯밤에 숙제를 했어야 됐지만，못 했어요. I should have done my homework last night, but I couldn’t.

      18.2. Uses of the Infinitive VI: with 도 Even though

      18.2.1. -어도 : Even though . . .

      An infinitive with the particle 도 has the basic meaning even though [so-and-so happens].

15.	수진 씨는 돈이 많지 않아도，늘 쇼핑을 해요. Even though Sujin hasn’t much money, she’s always shopping.
16.	상점이 멀어도 자주 가요. Even though the stores are far away, I go there often.
On a past base:
17.	돈이 조금밖에 없었어도 늘 즐겁게 살았어요. Even though he hadn’t much money, he always lived happily.

      Again, with this construction, it is not necessary to use a past-tense infinitive before the 도, even when the meaning is past, unless ambiguity would otherwise result; the past-tense verb at the end does all the work.

      Notice the basic similarity between this construction and the -지만 but, although construction you have learned. Both constructions mean though [so-and-so happens] . . . but -어도 is stronger. It means even though . . . or in spite of the fact that . . . ; if we want to switch its force to the next part of the sentence, we can give it some such translation as . . . but even so.

      I haven’t much money, but even so I’m always buying things.

      The stores are a long way off, but in spite of this I go there a lot.

      He had no money at all, but nonetheless he was always happy.

      Constructions with -지만 (although . . . or . . . but) are not this strong, but the fundamental meaning is similar.

      18.2.2. Special Copular Form -(이)라도

      Just as the copula can take the special shape -이라 before 서 (Lesson Sixteen), it can assume this shape before 도: -이라도 alongside -이어도 even though it be.

18.	하루에 반 시간씩이라도 단어를 외워야 돼요. You should memorize vocabulary for at least (lit.: even though it be) half an hour a day.
The special copular form -이라도 even though it be (as in the sentence above) means about the same thing as the particle 도 even by itself; sometimes at least is a good translation. Here are two more examples.
19.	다른 것이 없으니까，이것이라도 좋아요. This one will be all right, since you haven’t got any others.
20.	저는 못 가겠으니까，유진 씨라도 갔다 오십시오. As I won’t be able to go, at least you go (without me),Yujin.
Here are some more examples of -어도.
21.	할아버지는 돈이 많으셔도 나한테는 안 주세요. Even though granddad has lots of money, he doesn’t give me any.
22.	나는 나이는 많아도 마음은 젊어요. Even though I am old in age, I am young at heart.
23.	나는 매일 공항에서 일을 해도 비행기를 한 번도 타 보지 못했어요. Even though I work at the airport everyday, I haven’t even once flown on an airplane.
24.	어젯밤에 비가 그렇게 왔어도 파티에는 300명이나 왔어요. Even though it was raining last night, some [“as many as”] 300 people came to the party.
25.	나는 아무리 아파도 병원에 한번도 가 보지 않았어요. No matter how sick I might be, I’ve never gone to the hospital.

      18.2.3. Asking and Giving Permission with -어도

      To ask for permission in Korean you use a construction with the literal meaning even though I [do it], is it all right? or even if I [do it], does it matter or make any difference? This corresponds to English may or can I [do it] or, much more closely, is it all right if I [do it]? You may use any of three verbs for the final one in the sentences, as the examples show. The three verbs are 돼요, 좋아요 and 괜찮아요.

26.	오늘 새 옷을 입어도 좋아요? Is it all right for me to [= May I] wear my new clothes today?
27.	새 신을 신어도 괜찮아요? May I wear my new shoes? [Even though I wear . . . does it make a difference?]
28.	오늘 밤에 집에 늦게 들어와도 돼요? Is it all right for me to [ = Do you mind if I] come home late tonight?

      18.2.4. Doesn’t have to . . . with -지 않아도

      To say I have to . . . in Korean, you use the construction -어야 해요 (Section 18.1.). The negative of this — I don’t have to . . . — is a permission construction, meaning literally even though I don’t [do it], it’s all right or it doesn’t matter if I don’t [do it]. You may use either the long or short negative for this pattern, either 안 가도 or 가지 않아도. For the it doesn’t matter, it’s all right, etc., you can use 괜찮아요，돼요 or 좋아요. Here are some examples.

29.	일찍 돌아오시지 않아도 괜찮아요. You don’t have to come back early. [= Even though you don’t come back early, it doesn’t matter.]
30.	운전면허증을 안 보여 주셔도 좋아요. You don’t have to show me your driver’s license.
31.	차를 빌리지 않아도 괜찮아요. You don’t need to rent a car.
32. СКАЧАТЬ В начало < 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 > В конец