Book 1 of Plato's Republic. Drew A. Mannetter

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СКАЧАТЬ the particle δή is intensive with the following καί, and the second καί is adverbial (S. 2843, 2890) (D. καὶ δὴ καί, pg. 255).

      Σοφοκλϵῖ ποτὲ τῷ ποιητῇ … ἐρωτωμένῳ: Dative object of the compound verb παρϵγϵνόμην (S. 1544-45). Σοφοκλϵῖ: Names of persons are individual and therefore omit the article unless previously mentioned or specially marked as well known (S. 1136). ποτὲ: Indefinite enclitic particle (S. 346, 1094). The enclitic normally loses its accent; however, enclitics can retain their accents when drawing a contrast (here, with νῦν) (S. 187.a). τῷ ποιητῇ: A noun in apposition to the proper noun Σοφοκλϵῖ (S. 987). ἐρωτωμένῳ: Singular, masculine, dative, present, passive circumstantial participle of ἐρωτάω modifying Σοφοκλϵῖ (S. 2054). The present tense of the participle denotes continual action and is generally coincident to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.a).

      παρϵγϵνόμην: First person, singular, aorist, deponent, indicative of παραγίγνομαι (S. 384). Main verb of the (second) complex coordinate clause: Σοφοκλϵῖ … συγγίγνϵσθαι (S. 2162).

      ὑπό τινος: Prepositional phrase; ὑπό with the genitive here expresses agent and means “by” (S. 1491, 1698.b). ὑπό: The oxytone, followed by an enclitic, retains its accent and does not change from the acute to grave (S. 154.a). τινος: Singular, masculine, genitive indefinite pronoun used substantively (S. 1266). The enclitic loses its accent after the oxytone ὑπό (S. 183.a).

      Πῶς: Interrogative adverb of manner introducing a direct question (S. 346, 1094).

      ἔφη: Third person, singular, imperfect, indicative of φημί (S. 783). The verb introduces the oratio recta (S. 2590). The subject ἐκϵῖνος (the antecedent is τινος) is not expressed but implied in the verb (S. 931). An anacoluthon; although not obscure, the thought contained in ἐρωτωμένῳ could have introduced the direct speech without the addition of the verb ἔφη (S. 3005, 3007).

      ὦ Σοφόκλϵις: Vocative; the vocative forms an incomplete sentence (S. 1283). ὦ: The exclamation is used with the vocative (S. 1284). Σοφόκλϵις: The noun Σοφοκλέης uses the pure stem in the vocative (S. 248). The vocative is normally found in the interior of a sentence (S. 1285).

      ἔχϵις: Second person, singular, present, active, indicative of ἔχω (S. 383). Main verb of the simple sentence (S. 903). The subject σύ is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190).

      πρὸς τἀφροδίσια: Prepositional phrase; πρός with the accusative here means “in reference to, in respect of” (S. 1695.3.c). τἀφροδίσια: Crasis of τὰ᾿ Αφροδίσια (S. 62). A euphemism (S. 3024). τ-: The article is very often omitted in phrases containing a preposition but not here (S. 1128).

      ἔτι: Adverb (S. 341, 1094).

      οἷός … συγγίγνϵσθαι: Relative clause; many relative clauses are equivalent to coordinate clauses where the relative has the force of a demonstrative or personal pronoun with a connective (S. 2490).

      οἷός τϵ: Singular, masculine, nominative relative pronoun used as a predicate adjective modifying σύ, the supplied subject of ϵἶ, after ϵἶ (S. 338, 910, 2501). The acute accent on the ultima syllable is thrown back from the following enclitic τϵ (S. 183.c). τϵ: The enclitic τϵ is probably connective (not indefinite), and belongs to the whole clause. It has the effect of showing that its clause corresponds in some way to the preceding clause (S. 338, 2970). The enclitic throws its accent back onto the properispomenon οἷός (S. 183.c).

      ϵἶ: Second person, singular, present, indicative of ϵἰμί (S. 768). Main verb of the relative clause (S. 2173). The subject σύ is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190).

      γυναικὶ: Dative object of the compound infinitive συγγίγνϵσθαι (S. 1545, 1967.b). The noun lacks an article (S. 1126).

      συγγίγνϵσθαι: Present, deponent infinitive of συγγίγνομαι (S. 383). An object (complementary) infinitive after οἷός τϵ (S.2000). The present tense of the infinitive denotes continual action (S. 1865).

      καὶ ὅς, Εὐφἡμϵι, ἔφη, ὦ ἄνθρωπϵ· (329.c)

ἄνθρωπος, -ου, ὁ: man; my good fellow.ϵὐφημέω: to hush, be still.καί: and.

ὅς, ἥ, ὅ: he, she, it; this, that.φημί: to say.ὦ: O.

      καὶ: The conjunction connects this sentence with the previous one (S. 2868).

      ὅς: Singular, masculine, nominative relative pronoun used as a demonstrative pronoun meaning “he” (L.S. ὅς A). Nominative subject of ἔφη (S. 927).

      Εὐφήμϵι: Second person, singular, present, active imperative of ϵὐφημέω (S. 385). Main verb of the simple sentence (S. 903). The subject σύ is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190). The present tense of the imperative denotes continued action (S. 1864.a).

      ἔφη: Third person, singular, imperfect, indicative of φημί (S. 783). The verb introduces the oratio recta (S. 2590).

      ὦ ἄνθρωπϵ: Vocative; the vocative forms an incomplete sentence (S. 1283). ὦ: The exclamation is used with the vocative (S. 1284). The vocative is normally found in the interior of a sentence (S. 1285).

      ἀσμϵναίτατα μέντοι αὐτὸ ἀπέφυγον, ὥσπϵρ λυττῶντά τινα καὶ ἄγριον δϵσπότην ἀποφυγών. (329.c)

ἄγριος, -α, -ον: wild, savage, cruel, harsh, fierce.ἀποφϵύγω: to flee from, escape.ἀσμϵναίτατα: most gladly, most readily.αὐτόν, αὐτήν, αὐτό: him, her, it.δϵσπότης, -ου, ὁ: master, lord, owner.

καί: and.λυττάω: to rave, be mad.μέντοι: really you know, yes, you know.τις, τι: some.ὥσπϵρ: as, just as, as it were.

      ἀσμϵναίτατα: Superlative form of the adverb ἀσμένως (S. 345, 1094).

      μέντοι: A postpositive particle from μέν (=μήν) + τοί; when the particle is emphatic μέν denotes objective certainty, while τοι brings the truth home to another person meaning “really you know” (S. 2917-18) (D. μέντοι, pg. 399-400).

      αὐτὸ: Singular, neuter, accusative demonstrative pronoun; the antecedent is the previous idea of sexual lusts (S. 1204.3, 1212). Accusative direct object of ἀπέφυγον (S. 1554).

      ἀπέφυγον: First person, singular, aorist, active, indicative of ἀποφϵύγω СКАЧАТЬ