Book 1 of Plato's Republic. Drew A. Mannetter

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СКАЧАТЬ … ζῶντϵς … ζῶντϵς: Nominative subject of ὀλοφύρονται and ἀγανακτοῦσιν (S. 927, 938). οἱ … πλϵῖστοι: Plural, masculine, nominative superlative adjective of πολύς used substantively with the article (S. 1021, 1153.a).

      οὖν: The postpositive connecting particle marks a new stage in the sequence of events (S. 2956) (D. οὖν, pg. 425).

      ἡμῶν: Plural, genitive of the personal pronoun ἡμϵῖς (S. 325). Partitive genitive with πλϵῖστοι (S. 1306).

      ὀλοφύρονται: Third person, plural, present, deponent, indicative of ὀλοφύρομαι (S. 383). Main verb of the (first) complex coordinate clause: οἱ … ἔχϵται (S. 2162).

      ξυνιόντϵς: Plural, masculine, nominative, present, circumstantial participle of ξύνϵιμι modifying πλϵῖστοι (S. 2054). The present tense of the participle denotes continual action and is generally coincident to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.a).

      τὰς ἐν τῇ νϵότητι ἡδονὰς: Accusative direct object of the participle ποθοῦντϵς (S.1554, 2040). ἐν τῇ νϵότητι: Prepositional phrase; ἐν with the dative here means “in, during” (S. 1687.1.b). The prepositional phrase is between the article and noun in the attributive position (S. 1154). τῇ: The article is very often omitted in phrases containing a preposition but not here (S. 1128).

      ποθοῦντϵς: Plural, masculine, nominative, present, active circumstantial participle of ποθέω modifying πλϵῖστοι (S. 2054). The present tense of the participle denotes continual action and is generally coincident to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.a).

      καὶ: The conjunction connects the two participial phrases (S. 2868).

      ἀναμιμνησκόμϵνοι: Plural, masculine, nominative, present, passive circumstantial participle of ἀναμιμνήσκομαι modifying πλϵῖστοι (S. 2054). The present tense of the participle denotes continual action and is generally coincident to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.a). The verb can be either followed by a genitive object or the preposition πϵρί (L.S. ἀναμιμνήσκω II).

      πϵρί … τἀφροδίσια: Prepositional phrase; πϵρί with the accusative here means “about” (S. 1693.3.c). πϵρί: The oxytone, followed by an enclitic, retains its accent and does not change from the acute to grave (S. 154.a). τἀφροδίσια: Crasis of τὰ᾿ Αφροδίσια (S. 62). A euphemism (S. 3024). τ-: The article is very often omitted in phrases containing a preposition but not here (S. 1128).

      τϵ … καὶ: The conjunction connects the two prepositional phrases (S. 2974). τϵ: The anticipatory particle τϵ is often separated from καί by one or more words (S. 2974). When the postpositive particle is preparatory, it is normally placed second in the sentence or clause (D. τϵ, pg. 515). The enclitic loses its accent after the oxytone πϵρί (S. 183.a).

      πϵρὶ πότους καὶ ϵὐωχίας καὶ ἄλλ´ ἄττα: Prepositional phrase; πϵρί with the accusative here means “about” (S. 1693.3.c). πότους … ϵὐωχίας: The article is very often omitted in phrases containing a preposition (S. 1128). καὶ: The conjunction connects the first and second accusative nouns (S. 2868). καὶ: The conjunction connects the second and third accusative nouns (S. 2868). ἄλλ´: Plural, neuter, accusative adjective of ἄλλος used substantively without the article meaning “other things” (S. 1021). Elision of ἄλλα (S. 70). ἄττα: Plural, neuter, accusative non-enclitic form (for τινά) of the indefinite pronoun τὶς used as an adjective modifying ἄλλ´ (S. 334.a, 1266).

      ἃ τῶν τοιούτων ἔχϵται: Relative clause (S. 2488-2573).

      ἃ: Plural, neuter, nominative relative pronoun used substantively (S. 338). The antecedent is ἄλλ´ ἄττα (S. 2501). Nominative subject of ἔχϵται (S. 927, 938).

      τῶν τοιούτων: Plural, neuter, genitive of the pronoun τοιοῦτος used substantively with the article; the antecedent is the ideas above of sex, drinking, and feasting (S. 1153.g, 1245). Genitive object of ἔχϵται (S. 1391).

      ἔχϵται: Third person, singular, present, indicative, middle of ἔχω (S. 383). Main verb of the relative clause (S. 2173). A neuter plural subject is regarded as collective, and has its verb in the singular (S. 958).

      καὶ: The conjunction connects the two coordinate clauses (S. 2868).

      ἀγανακτοῦσιν: Third person, plural, present, active, indicative of ἀγανακτέω (S. 385). Main verb of the (second) simple coordinate clause: ἀγανακτοῦσιν … ζῶντϵς (S. 2162). The moveable -ν is added to words ending in -σι when the next word begins with a vowel (S. 134).

      ὡς: The adverb sets forth clearly the relation of cause implied in the following participles (S. 2079). This particle sets forth the ground of belief on which the agent acts, and denotes the thought, assertion, real or presumed intention, in the mind of the subject of the principal verb, without implicating the speaker or writer (S. 2086).

      μϵγάλων τινῶν: Genitive of separation after the idea of depriving in the participle ἀπϵστϵρημένοι (S. 1394). τινῶν: Plural, neuter, genitive indefinite pronoun used substantively (S. 1266). The preceding paroxytone μϵγάλων receives no additional accent and the dissyllabic enclitic τινῶν retains its accent (S. 183.d).

      ἀπϵστϵρημένοι: Plural, masculine, nominative, perfect, passive circumstantial participle of ἀποστϵρέω modifying πλϵῖστοι (S. 2054). The perfect tense of the participle denotes completion with permanent results (S. 1872.d).

      καὶ: The conjunction connects the first participle in the second coordinate clause with the second two in the μὲν … δέ clause (S. 2868).

      τότϵ μὲν … νῦν δὲ: The two particles μὲν … δέ draw a contrast between the two participles which is further clarified or strengthened by the two adverbs τότϵ … νῦν (S. 341, 1094, 2904).

      ϵὖ: Adverb (S. 341, 1094). Participles are modified by adverbs, not adjectives (S. 2040).

      ζῶντϵς: Plural, masculine, nominative, present, active circumstantial participle of ζάω modifying πλϵῖστοι, the subject of ἀγανακτοῦσιν (S. 2054). The present tense of the participle denotes continual action and is generally coincident to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.a).

      οὐδὲ: Adverb (S. 2931). Participles are modified by adverbs, not adjectives (S. 2040). Denniston notes that οὐδέ here “negatives the succeeding idea in toto, passing beyond the mere negation of it in some qualified form.” (D. οὐδέ, pg. 196).

      ζῶντϵς: Plural, masculine, nominative, present, active circumstantial СКАЧАТЬ