Book 1 of Plato's Republic. Drew A. Mannetter

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СКАЧАТЬ Plural, masculine, nominative adjective used substantively without the article (S. 1021, 1126). Nominative subject of ὀδύρονται and ὐμνοῦσιν (S. 927, 938).

      δὲ: Postpositive conjunction connecting this sentence with the previous one; the copulative δέ marks transition, and is the ordinary particle used in connecting successive clauses or sentences which add something new or different, but not opposed, to what precedes, and are not joined by other particles, such as γάρ or οὖν (S. 2835-2836). “As a connective, δέ denotes either pure connection ‘and’, or contrast, ‘but’, with all that lies between” (D. δέ, pg. 162).

      καὶ: Adverbial use of the particle meaning “also” (S. 2881).

      τὰς τῶν οἰκϵίων προπηλακίσϵις: Accusative direct object of ὀδύρονται (S. 1554). τῶν οἰκϵίων: Genitive of source (S. 1410). Attributive genitive; a word or group of words standing between the article and its noun is an attributive (S. 1154, 1161.a).

      τοῦ γήρως: Genitive of cause with ὀδύρονται, a verb of emotion (“because of …”) (S. 1405).

      ὀδύρονται: Third person, plural, present, deponent, indicative of ὀδύρομαι (S. 383). Main verb of the (first) simple coordinate clause: ἔνιοι … ὀδύρονται (S. 2162).

      καὶ … δὴ: The combination of particles signify that the addition made by καί is an important one (D. καὶ … δή, pg. 253). καὶ: The conjunction connects the two coordinate clauses (S. 2868). δὴ: The postpositive particle introduces a climax and stands after the word it emphasizes (τούτῳ) (S. 2840, 2847).

      ἐπὶ τούτῳ: Prepositional phrase; ἐπί with the dative here means “in addition to, beside” (S. 1689.2.c). τούτῳ: Singular, neuter, dative demonstrative pronoun used substantively; the antecedent is the idea of shabby treatment being lamented in the previous clause (S. 1238, 1247).

      τὸ γῆρας: Accusative direct object of ὑμνοῦσιν (S. 1554).

      ὑμνοῦσιν: Third person, plural, present, active, indicative of ὑμνέω (S. 385). Main verb of the (second) complex coordinate clause: ἐπὶ … αἴτιον (S. 2162). The moveable -ν is added to words ending in -σι when the next word begins with a vowel (S. 134).

      ὅσων … αἴτιον: Indirect question after ὑμνοῦσιν (S. 2663).

      ὅσων κακῶν: Partitive genitive with αἴτιον (S. 1306). ὅσων: Plural, neuter, genitive relative pronoun used as an adjective modifying κακῶν (S. 340). κακῶν: Plural, neuter, genitive adjective of κακός used substantively without the article (S. 1126, 1153.a).

      σφίσιν: Third person, plural, dative of the personal pronoun σφϵῖς (S. 325). Dative of disadvantage; the person to whose disadvantage anything occurs is put in the dative (S. 1481). The moveable -ν is added to words ending in -σι when the next word begins with a vowel (S. 134).

      αἴτιον {(ἐστί τὸ γῆρας) = (αἴτιόν ἐστι τὸ γῆρας)}: Singular, neuter, nominative predicate noun modifying τὸ γῆρας, the supplied subject of the supplied verb ἐστι, after ἐστι (S. 939). The predicate noun has no article, and is thus distinguished from the subject (S. 1150). ἐστι τὸ γῆρας: Supply ἐστι as the main verb; τὸ γῆρας as the subject (“old age is …”) (S. 927, 944, 2677).

      ἐμοὶ δὲ δοκοῦσιν, ὦ Σώκρατϵς, οὗτοι οὐ τὸ αἴτιον αἰτιᾶσθαι. (329.b)

αἰτιάομαι: to allege, charge, impute.αἴτιον, -ου, τό: the real cause.δέ: but.δοκέω: to seem.ἐγώ, ἐμοῦ: I, of me.

οὐ: not.οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο: this man, woman, or thing.Σωκράτης, -ους, ὁ: Socrates.ὦ: O.

      ἐμοὶ: Singular, dative, of the personal pronoun ἐγώ (S. 325). Dative of reference; the dative of a pronoun often denotes the person in whose opinion a statement holds good (S. 1496).

      δὲ: Postpositive conjunction connecting this sentence with the previous one; here the particle δέ has an adversative sense and serves to mark that something is different from what precedes, but only to offset it, not to exclude or contradict it (S. 2834-35). “As a connective, δέ denotes either pure connection ‘and’, or contrast, ‘but’, with all that lies between” (D. δέ, pg. 162).

      δοκοῦσιν: Third person, plural, present, active, indicative of δοκέω (S. 385). Main verb of the simple sentence (S. 903). The moveable -ν is added to words ending in -σι at the end of a clause (S. 135).

      ὦ Σώκρατϵς: Vocative; the vocative forms an incomplete sentence (S. 1283). ὦ: The exclamation is used with the vocative (S. 1284). Σώκρατϵς: The noun Σωκράτης uses the pure stem in the vocative (S. 248). The vocative is normally found in the interior of a sentence (S. 1285).

      οὗτοι: Plural, masculine, nominative demonstrative pronoun used substantively; the antecedent is ἔνιοι (S. 1238). Nominative subject of δοκοῦσιν (S. 927, 938).

      οὐ: The simple negative particle οὐ is the negative of fact and statement (S. 2688).

      τὸ αἴτιον: Accusative direct object of the infinitive αἰτιᾶσθαι (S.1554, 1967).

      αἰτιᾶσθαι: Present, deponent infinitive of αἰτιάομαι (S. 385). An object (complementary) infinitive after δοκοῦσιν (S. 1989). The present tense of the infinitive denotes continual action (S. 1865).

      ϵἰ γὰρ ἦν τοῦτ´ αἴτιον, κἂν ἐγὼ τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα ἐπϵπόνθη ἕνϵκά γϵ γήρως καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι πάντϵς ὅσοι ἐνταῦθα ἦλθον ἡλικίας. (329.b)

СКАЧАТЬ

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αἴτιον, -ου, τό: the cause, the reason.ἄλλοι, -ων, οἱ: the other men.ἄν: would.αὐτός, αὐτή, αὐτό: the same man, woman, or thing.γάρ: for.γϵ: at least, at any rate.γῆρας, -ος, τό: old age.ἐγώ, ἐμοῦ: I, of me.ϵἰ: if.ϵἰμί: to be.ἕνϵκα (+ gen.): on account of, because of.

ἐνταῦθα (+ gen.): to this.ἔρχομαι: to come, come or go back, return.ἡλικία, -ας, ἡ: time of life, age.καὶ … καί: not only … but also, both … and.κἄν: see καί and ἄν.ὅσος, -η, -ον: as many as.οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο: this man, woman, or thing.τοῦτο, -ου, τό: this thing.πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν: all.πάσχω: to suffer.