Legends, Tales and Poems. Bécquer Gustavo Adolfo

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СКАЧАТЬ OP VOWELS IN DIPHTHONGS

      The vowels may be divided into strong vowels (a, e, o) and weak vowels (i, u). For purposes of versification y as a vowel may be treated as i. The five vowels (a, e, o, i, u) taken in pairs may form diphthongs in twenty-five possible combinations, as follows:

      a. Pairs of two weak vowels: ui, iu, ii, uu.

      b. Pairs of two strong vowels:

      { ae, ao, aa,

      { ea, eo, ee,

      { oa, oe, oo.

      c. Pairs of a strong vowel plus a weak vowel

      { ai, au,

      { ei, eu,

      { oi, ou.

      d. Pairs of a weak vowel plus a strong vowel

      { ua, ue, uo,

      { ia, ie, io.

      NOTE: In diphthongs a dominates o and e; and o dominates e. Any strong vowel dominates a weak one.

      Ex. In Bo^abdíl, if a were not dominant, the diphthong would be dissolved.

2. DIPHTHONGS AND WORD ACCENTUATION

      There are with regard to accent three possible conditions under which two contiguous vowels may occur within a word.

      a. The contiguous vowels may precede the accented syllable.

      b. One of the contiguous vowels may be accented.

      c. The contiguous vowels may come after the accented syllable.

      a. Two contiguous vowels before the accent.

      (1) Of the twenty-five possible combinations all are admissible in diphthongs in a syllable preceding the accented syllable.

      Ex. Habrá po^esta, p. 165, IV, l. 4.

      (a) Diaeresis may be employed to dissolve the diphthong.

      Ex. Sobre una vi|oleta, p. 169, XIII, l. 8.

      b. One of two contiguous vowels accented.

      (1) When two contiguous vowel's are strong.

      (a) There is no diphthong if one of two contiguous strong vowels receives the accent.

      Ex. Chispë|ando el sol hiere, p. 173, XXVI I, l. 17.

      Ex. Tú, sombra a|érea que, cuantas veces, p. 170, XV, l. 7.

      By synaeresis, however, a diphthong may be formed, especially in the combinations á^o, á^e, ó^e—c^a^o^s, c^a^e, ro^e. But in order to diphthongize oa, ea, and eo, when the accent naturally falls on the first vowel, the accent must shift to the second, which is a dominant vowel. Such diphthongization is harsh. For example, loa would shift the accent from o to a in order to form a diphthong. The accent would also shift in cre^a, fe^o.

      (2) When one of the contiguous vowels is weak and the other strong.

      (a) There is no diphthong if an accented weak vowel precedes a strong.

      Ex. Yo, que á tus ojos en mi agoní|a, p. 171, XV, l. 18. Synaeresis is, however, sometimes employed to overcome this rule. The accent must then shift.

      Ex. Habi^a llegado una nave. Calderón.

      (b) There is no diphthong if an accented weak vowel follows a strong.

      Ex. ¿Cómo puede re|ir? p. 182, XLIX, l. 4.

      Synaeresis serves sometimes to overcome this rule. The result is usually harsh.

      Ex. En re^ir á costa ajena, les prepara.

      (c) If an accented strong vowel precedes a weak, they form a diphthong. The diphthong is rarely dissolved, and is usually marked with a diaresis, if dissolution takes place.

      Ex. Beso del aura, onda de luz, p. 170, XV, l. 5.

      (d) If an accented strong vowel follows a weak they may or may not form a diphthong.

      Ex. Por una sonrisa, un ci^elo, p. 172, XXIII, l. 2. [Diphthong.]

      Ex. Domando el rebelde, mezquino idï|oma, p. 164, I, l. 6. [No diphthong.]

      Diaeresis or synaeresis may usually be employed according to the case.

      Thus, fiel becomes by diaeresis fi|el, and br|ioso becomes by synaeresis bri^oso.

      It should be remembered that in some words the accentuation is variable, while in others it is fixed.

      There are two classes of words that have a variable accentuation: first, those in which an unaccented weak vowel is followed by an accented strong vowel, e.g. majestu^oso, majestu|oso; second, those in which an accented strong vowel is followed by an unaccented strong vowel, e.g. tra|e, tra^e.

      Ex. Cre^es que la afe|an. Becquer.

      Cre|es que suspirando pasa el viento, p. 171, XVI, l. 3.

      Etymological conditions often determine whether or not a diphthong is formed.

      ie and ue, derived from the Latin e and o respectively, form indissoluble diphthongs.

      The ending -ión for substantives is usually a diphthong and rarely suffers dissolution.

      Synaeresis may be employed to unite in a single syllable two contiguous vowels (unaccented weak + accented strong) that are separated on account of etymology, or, in the case of derivatives, analogy with the original word; but diaeresis is employed very rarely to dissolve a proper diphthongal combination (unaccented weak + accented strong).

      For example, di|ario by analogy with día, and fi|ó from the Latin fidavit, have ordinarily the i in separate syllables, but a diphthong may be formed by synaeresis.

      (3) When the two contiguous vowels are weak.

      (a) Two contiguous weak vowels with the accent on the first form an indissoluble diphthong, e.g. mu^y.

      (b) Two contiguous weak vowels with the accent on the second may or may not form a diphthong.

      Ex. Si antes no juras que por ru^in falsía. Hermosilla. [Diphthong.]

      Ex. Con sus mil rü|idos, p. 188, LXXIII, l. 19, [No diphthong.]

      c. Two contiguous vowels after the accented syllable.

      (1) Two contiguous strong vowels after the accented syllable naturally form a diphthong.

      Ex. Tú, sombra aére^a que, cuantas veces, p. 170, XV, l. 7.

      Diaeresis may be employed to dissolve the diphthong.

      (2) If a strong vowel СКАЧАТЬ