Legends, Tales and Poems. Bécquer Gustavo Adolfo

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СКАЧАТЬ estoy aburrido de ver que esto nunca cesa. Adios mande vd. á su amigo que le quiere

      Gustavo Becquer

      Espresiones á Pepe Marco S/c Calle de San Ildefonso Toledo. Si le es á vd. posible enviar eso hagalo si puede en el mismo dia que reciba esta carta por que el apuro es de momento.

      BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

      A list of the works consulted in the preparation of the sketch of Becquer's life.

      WORKS BY BECQUER

      Obras de Gustavo A. Becquer. Quinta edición aumentada con varias poesías y leyendas. Madrid, Librería de Fernando Fé, 1898. Three volumes.

      Historia de los Templos de España, publicada bajo la protección de SS. MM. AA. y muy reverendos señores arzobispos y obispos—dirigida por D. Juan de la Puerto Vizcaino y D. Gustavo Adolfo Becquer. Tomo I, Madrid, 1857. Imprenta y Estereotipia Española de los Señores Nieto y Campañía. Becquer is the author of only a portion of this work—see Introduction, p. xx.

      La Ilustración de Madrid, January 12-October 12, 1870, contains a large number of articles by Becquer that have never been published in book form. The same can be said of other periodicals for which Becquer collaborated.

      TRANSLATIONS

      Gustave Becquer—Légendes espagnoles. Traduction de Achille Fouquier, dessins de S. Arcos. Paris, Librairie de Firmin-Didot et Cie, 1885. French.

      Terrible Tales—Spanish. W. W. Gibbings, London, W. C. In this collection the following seven out of the twelve tales that it contains are by Becquer,—"The Golden Bracelet," "The Green Eyes," "The Passion Flower," "The White Doe," "Maese Pérez, the Organist," "The Moonbeam," and "The Mountain of Spirits." The translation is often inaccurate.

      WORKS OR ARTICLES ON BECQUER

      P. Francisco Blanco Garcia. La Literatura Española en el Siglo XIX, parte segunda, Madrid, 1891, contains a good criticism of the literary work of Becquer, pp. 79–91, and pp. 274–277.

      Narciso Campillo. Gustavo Adolfo Becquer is the title of an excellent article on the Seville poet, by one who knew him well, in La Ilustración Artística, Barcelona, December 27, 1886, pp. 358–360. This number (261—Año V) is dedicated to Becquer, and contains many prose articles and much verse relative to him.

      Achille Fouquier. Gustave Becquer, Légendes Espagnoles. Traduction de Achille Fouquier, dessins de S. Arcos. Paris, Firmin-Didot et Cie, 1885,—Avant-Propos, pp. 1–19. An interesting sketch of Becquer's life and an excellent appreciation of his style.

      José Gestoso y Pérez. Carta á Mr. Achille Fouquier is the title of a valuable article in La Ilustración Artistica, Barcelona, December 27, 1886, pp. 363–366. This article contains important genealogical matter regarding Becquer, which had not until that time been published.

      Eduardo de Lustono. Becquer is the titie of a sketch by this writer, published in Alrededor del Mundo, No. 109, July 4, 1901, pp. 11–13, and No. 110, July 11, 1901, pp. 22–23. It is largely a copy of the article by Narciso Campillo, mentioned above, and of the following by Rodriguez Correa.

      Ramón Rodriguez Correa. Prólogo de las Obras de Gustavo A. Becquer. Quinta edición, Madrid, Fernando Fé, 1898. Vol. I, pp. IX-XLV. This is the principal biography of Becquer and the source of all the others. Its author was Becquer's most intimate friend.

      Juan Valera. In Florilegio de Poesías Castellanas del Siglo XIX, Tomo I, Madrid, Fernando Fé, 1902, pp. 182–191, may be found an excellent appreciation of the poet by one of the most capable of Spanish critics and a personal friend of Becquer.

      P. Restituto del Valle Ruiz, Agustino. In his Estudios Literarios, pp. 104–116, there is a chapter devoted to Gustavo A. Becquer, which contains an interesting critique of his poetry.

      Mrs. (Mary A.) Humphrey Ward, in Macmillan's Magazine, No. 280, February, 1883, pp. 305–320, has an article entitled "A Spanish Romanticist: Gustavo Becquer." This is one of the best articles on Becquer that have been published.

      SPANISH PROSODY

      The basis for the following remarks on Spanish prosody is, for the most part, E. Benot's Prosodia Castellana y Versification, 3 vols., Madrid, 1892. Other works which have been consulted are the Ortologia y Arte Metrica of A. Bello, published in his Obras Completas, vol. 4, Madrid, 1890; Rengifo's Arte Poètica Española, Barcelona, 1759; J. D. M. Ford's "Notes on Spanish Prosody," in A Spanish Anthology, published by Silver, Burdett & Co., 1901; and a Tratado de Literatura Preceptiva, by D. Saturnino Milego é Inglada, published at Toledo in 1887.

      Spanish versification has nothing to do with the quantity of vowels (whether long or short), which was the basis of Latin prosody.

      There are four important elements in Spanish versification. Of these four elements two are essential, and the other two are usually present.

      The essential elements, without which Spanish verse cannot exist, are—

      I. A determined number of syllables per line.

      II. A rhythmic distribution of the accents in the line.

      The additional elements usually present in Spanish poetical compositions are—

      III. Caesural pauses.

      IV. Rhyme.

      I. SYLLABIFICATION

      Consonants.—In verse the same rules hold as in prose for the distribution of consonants in syllables.

      Vowels.—If there were but one vowel in a syllable, Spanish syllabification would be easy; but sometimes two or more vowels are found either between consonants, or at the beginning or at the end of a word. When such is the case, intricacies arise, for sometimes the contiguous vowels are pronounced in a single syllable and sometimes they are divided into separate syllables.

      The contiguous vowels may belong to a single word (see A); or they may be the final vowel or vowels of one word and the initial vowel or vowels of a following word or words (see B).

      A. Diphthongization,—If two contiguous vowels of a single word are pronounced in but one syllable they form a diphthong, e.g. hu^esped.

      B. Synalepha.—If two or more contiguous vowels belonging to two or more words are pronounced in a single syllable, they form synalepha.

      Ex. Yo sé^un himno gigante y^extraño, p. 164, I, l. 1.

      Since Spanish verse depends upon a determined number of syllables per line, diphthongization and synalepha are important factors in versification.

A. DIPHTHONGIZATION

      Mute h between vowels is disregarded and does not prevent diphthongization, e.g. a^h^ora, re^h^usar.

      The separation of two vowels that are usually united in one syllable is called diaeresis, e.g. vi|oleta.

      The union in one syllable of two vowels that are usually in separate syllables is called synaeresis, e.g. ca^os.

1. THE TWENTY-FIVE СКАЧАТЬ