The 2002 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ (unexploited but exploration under way), uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad)

      Land use: arable land: 3% permanent crops: 0% other: 97% (1998 est.)

      Irrigated land: 200 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards: hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues

      Environment - current issues: inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate

       Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone

       Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea,

       Marine Dumping

      Geography - note: landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel

      People Chad

      Population: 8,997,237 (July 2002 est.)

      Age structure: 0-14 years: 47.8% (male 2,162,732; female 2,135,354) 15-64 years: 49.4% (male 2,108,134; female 2,340,189) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 103,683; female 147,145) (2002 est.)

      Population growth rate: 3.27% (2002 est.)

      Birth rate: 47.74 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Death rate: 15.06 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 93.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: 53.4 years (2002 est.) male: Total fertility rate: 6.5 children born/woman (2002 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 5%-7% (2001)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 300,000 (2001)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths: 14,000 (confirmed AIDS cases, actual number far higher but difficult to estimate) (2001)

      Nationality: noun: Chadian(s) adjective: Chadian

      Ethnic groups: 200 distinct groups; in the north and center: Arabs,

       Gorane (Toubou, Daza, Kreda), Zaghawa, Kanembou, Ouaddai, Baguirmi,

       Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Hausa, Boulala, and Maba, most of whom are

       Muslim; in the south: are Christian or animist; about 1,000 French

       citizens live in Chad

      Religions: Muslim 51%, Christian 35%, animist 7%, other 7%

      Languages: French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects

      Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or

       Arabic total population: 40% male: 49% female: 31% (1998)

      Government Chad

      Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Chad conventional short form: Chad local long form: Republique du Tchad local short form: Tchad

      Government type: republic

      Capital: N'Djamena

      Administrative divisions: 14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile note: instead of 14 prefectures, there may be a new administrative structure of 28 departments (departments, singular - department), and 1 city*; Assongha, Baguirmi, Bahr El Gazal, Bahr Koh, Batha Oriental, Batha Occidental, Biltine, Borkou, Dababa, Ennedi, Guera, Hadjer Lamis, Kabia, Kanem, Lac, Lac Iro, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Boneye, Mayo-Dallah, Monts de Lam, N'djamena*, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile Oriental, Tandjile Occidental, Tibesti

      Independence: 11 August 1960 (from France)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 11 August (1960)

      Constitution: passed by referendum 31 March 1996

      Legal system: based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch: chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (since 4 December 1990) head of government: Prime Minister Nagoum YAMASSOUM (since 13 December 1999) cabinet: Council of State, members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister election results: Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 63%, Ngarlegy YORONGAR 16%, Saleh KEBZABO 7% note: government coalition - MPS, UNDR, and URD elections: president elected by popular vote to serve five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last held 20 May 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president

      Legislative branch: bicameral according to constitution, consists of a National Assembly (155 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and a Senate (not yet created and size unspecified, members to serve six-year terms, one-third of membership renewable every two years) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MPS 110, RDP 12, FAR 9, RNDP 5, URD 5, UNDR 3, others 11 elections: National Assembly - last held 25 April 2002 (next to be held in NA April 2006)

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts;

       Magistrate Courts

      Political parties and leaders: Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarlejy YORONGAR]; National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Mamadou BISSO]; National Union for Development and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]; National Union for Renewal and Democracy or UNRD [leader NA]; Party for Liberty and Democracy or PLD [Ibni Oumar Mahamat SALEH]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman] (originally in opposition but now the party in power and the party of the president); Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lal Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Democracy and the Republic or UDR [Jean Bawoyeu ALINGUE]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]; Viva Rally for Development and Progress or Viva RNDP [Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE]

      Political pressure groups and leaders: NA

      International organization participation: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC,

       CEMAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC,

       IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW (signatory),

       UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

      Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador

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