The 2002 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ - international: maritime boundary disputes with the US (Dixon

       Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Machias Seal Island)

      Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; transit point for heroin and cocaine entering the US market

      This page was last updated on 1 January 2002

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      Cambodia

      Introduction

      Cambodia

      Background: Following a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh in 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; over 1 million displaced people died from execution or enforced hardships. A 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside and touched off 13 years of fighting. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy, as did the rapid diminishment of the Khmer Rouge in the mid-1990s. A coalition government, formed after national elections in 1998, brought renewed political stability and the surrender of remaining Khmer Rouge forces.

      Geography Cambodia

      Location: Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between

       Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos

      Geographic coordinates: 13 00 N, 105 00 E

      Map references: Southeast Asia

      Area: total: 181,040 sq km land: 176,520 sq km water: 4,520 sq km

      Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Oklahoma

      Land boundaries: total: 2,572 km border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km

      Coastline: 443 km

      Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 NM territorial sea: 12 NM continental shelf: 200 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM

      Climate: tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season

       (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation

      Terrain: mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m highest point:

       Phnum Aoral 1,810 m

      Natural resources: timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential

      Land use: arable land: 21% permanent crops: 1% other: 78% (1998 est.)

      Irrigated land: 2,700 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards: monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts

      Environment - current issues: illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; toxic waste delivery from Taiwan sparked unrest in Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville) in December 1998

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate

       Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life

       Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94,

       Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

      Geography - note: a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong

       River and Tonle Sap

      People Cambodia

      Population: 12,775,324 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)

      Age structure: 0-14 years: 40.7% (male 2,646,883; female 2,550,015) 15-64 years: 55.8% (male 3,373,692; female 3,758,736) 65 years and over: 3.5% (male 182,149; female 263,849) (2002 est.)

      Population growth rate: 2.24% (2002 est.)

      Birth rate: 32.93 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Death rate: 10.51 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 64 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: 59.5 years (2002 est.) male: Total fertility rate: 4.66 children born/woman (2002 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 4.04% (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 220,000 (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths: 14,000 (1999 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Cambodian(s) adjective: Cambodian

      Ethnic groups: Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%

      Religions: Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5%

      Languages: Khmer (official) 95%, French, English

      Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 35% male: 48% female: 22% (1990 est.)

      Government Cambodia

      Country name: Kingdom of Cambodia conventional short form: Kampuchea former: Khmer Republic, Kampuchea Republic

      Government type: multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy established in September 1993

      Capital: Phnom Penh

      Administrative divisions: 20 provinces (khett, singular and plural)

       and 4 municipalities* (krong, singular and plural); Banteay Mean Cheay,

       Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum,

       Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Keb*, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Cheay,

       Pailin*, Phnum Penh*, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu* (Sihanoukville), Preah

       Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng,

       Takev

      Independence: 9 November 1953 (from France)

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