The 1992 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ (1990), 2.834 (1989), 0.26238 (1988), 0.03923 (1987)

       Fiscal year:

       calendar year

      :Brazil Communications

      Railroads:

       28,828 km total; 24,864 km 1.000-meter gauge, 3,877 km 1.600-meter gauge, 74

       km mixed 1.600-1.000-meter gauge, 13 km 0.760-meter gauge; 2,360 km

       electrified

       Highways:

       1,448,000 km total; 48,000 km paved, 1,400,000 km gravel or earth

       Inland waterways:

       50,000 km navigable

       Pipelines:

       crude oil 2,000 km; petroleum products 3,804 km; natural gas 1,095 km

       Ports:

       Belem, Fortaleza, Ilheus, Manaus, Paranagua, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de

       Janeiro, Rio Grande, Salvador, Santos

       Merchant marine:

       245 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,693,500 GRT/9,623,918 DWT; includes

       3 passenger-cargo, 49 cargo, 1 refrigerated cargo, 13 container, 9

       roll-on/roll-off, 57 petroleum tanker, 15 chemical tanker, 11 liquefied gas,

       14 combination ore/oil, 71 bulk, 2 combination bulk; in addition, 2 naval

       tankers and 4 military transport are sometimes used commercially

       Civil air:

       198 major transport aircraft

       Airports:

       3,563 total, 2,911 usable; 420 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with

       runways over 3,659 m; 22 with runways 2,240-3,659 m; 550 with runways

       1,220-2,439 m

       Telecommunications:

       good system; extensive radio relay facilities; 9.86 million telephones;

       broadcast stations - 1,223 AM, no FM, 112 TV, 151 shortwave; 3 coaxial

       submarine cables, 3 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations and 64 domestic

       satellite earth stations

      :Brazil Defense Forces

      Branches:

       Brazilian Army, Navy of Brazil (including Marines), Brazilian Air Force,

       Military Police (paramilitary)

       Manpower availability:

       males 15-49, 41,515,103; 27,987,257 fit for military service; 1,644,571

       reach military age (18) annually

       Defense expenditures:

       exchange rate conversion - $1.1 billion, 0.3% of GDP (1990)

      :British Indian Ocean Territory Geography

      Total area:

       60 km2

       Land area:

       60 km2; includes the island of Diego Garcia

       Comparative area:

       about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC

       Land boundaries:

       none

       Coastline:

       698 km

       Maritime claims:

       Territorial sea:

       UK announced establishment of 200-nm fishery zone in August 1991

       Disputes:

       the entire Chagos Archipelago is claimed by Mauritius

       Climate:

       tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds

       Terrain:

       flat and low (up to 4 meters in elevation)

       Natural resources:

       coconuts, fish

       Land use:

       arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and

       woodland 0%; other 100%

       Environment:

       archipelago of 2,300 islands

       Note:

       Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location

       in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility

      :British Indian Ocean Territory People

      Population:

       no permanent civilian population; formerly about 3,000 islanders

       Ethnic divisions:

       civilian inhabitants, known as the Ilois, evacuated to Mauritius before

       construction of UK and US defense facilities

      :British Indian Ocean Territory Government

      Long-form name:

       British Indian Ocean Territory (no short-form name); abbreviated BIOT

       Type:

       dependent territory of the UK

       Capital:

       none

       Leaders:

       Chief of State:

       Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)

       Head of Government:

       Commissioner Mr. T. G. HARRIS; Administrator Mr. R. G. WELLS (since NA

       1991); note - both reside in the UK

       Diplomatic representation:

       none (dependent territory of UK)

       Flag:

       white with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and six blue

       wavy horizontal stripes bearing a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the

       СКАЧАТЬ