The 1992 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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       Terrain:

       predominately flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest

       Natural resources:

       diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda, ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver,

       natural gas

       Land use:

       urable land 2%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 75%; forest and

       woodland 2%; other 21%; includes irrigated NEGL%

       Environment:

       rains in early 1988 broke six years of drought that had severely affected

       the important cattle industry; overgazing; desertification

       Note:

       landlocked

      :Botswana People

      Population:

       1,292,210 (July 1992), growth rate 2.6% (1992)

       Birth rate:

       35 births/1,000 population (1992)

       Death rate:

       8 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

       Net migration rate:

       0 migrants/1,000 population (1992)

       Infant mortality rate:

       42 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

       Life expectancy at birth:

       59 years male, 65 years female (1992)

       Total fertility rate:

       4.4 children born/woman (1992)

       Nationality:

       noun and ajective - Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)

       Ethnic divisions:

       Batswana 95%; Kalanga, Basarwa, and Kgalagadi about 4%; white about 1%

       Religions:

       indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 50%

       Languages:

       English (official), Setswana

       Literacy:

       23% (male 32%, female 16%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

       Labor force:

       400,000; 198,500 formal sector employees, most others are engaged in cattle

       raising and subsistence agriculture (1990 est.); 14,600 are employed in

       various mines in South Africa (1990)

       Organized labor:

       19 trade unions

      :Botswana Government

      Long-form name:

       Republic of Botswana

       Type:

       parliamentary republic

       Capital:

       Gaborone

       Administrative divisions:

       10 districts: Central, Chobe, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng,

       Ngamiland, North-East, South-East, Southern; note - in addition, there may

       now be 4 town councils named Francistown, Gaborone, Lobaste Selebi-Pikwe

       Independence:

       30 September 1966 (from UK; formerly Bechuanaland)

       Constitution:

       March 1965, effective 30 September 1966

       Legal system:

       based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to

       matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

       National holiday:

       Independence Day, 30 September (1966)

       Executive branch:

       president, vice president, Cabinet

       Legislative branch:

       bicameral National Assembly consists of an upper house or House of Chiefs

       and a lower house or National Assembly

       Judicial branch:

       High Court, Court of Appeal

       Leaders:

       Chief of State and Head of Government:

       President Quett K. J. MASIRE (since 13 July 1980); Vice President Peter S.

       MMUSI (since 3 January 1983)

       Political parties and leaders:

       Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Quett MASIRE; Botswana National Front

       (BNF), Kenneth KOMA; Boswana People's Party (BPP), Knight MARIPE; Botswana

       Independence Party (BIP), Motsamai MPHO

       Suffrage:

       universal at age 21

       Elections:

       National Assembly:

       last held 7 October 1989 (next to be held October 1994); results - percent

       of vote by party NA; seats - (38 total, 34 elected) BDP 35, BNF 3

       President:

       last held 7 October 1989 (next to be held October 1994); results - President

       Quett K. J. MASIRE was reelected by the National Assembly

       Communists:

       no known Communist organization; Kenneth KOMA of BNF has long history of

       Communist contacts

       Member of:

       ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD,

       IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, SACU, SADCC, UN, UNCTAD,

       UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO

       Diplomatic representation:

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