The 1992 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ style="font-size:15px;">       1,169,619,601 (July 1992), growth rate 1.6% (1992)

       Birth rate:

       22 births/1,000 population (1992)

       Death rate:

       7 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

       Net migration rate:

       0 migrants/1,000 population (1992)

       Infant mortality rate:

       32 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

       Life expectancy at birth:

       69 years male, 72 years female (1992)

       Total fertility rate:

       2.3 children born/woman (1992)

       Nationality:

       noun - Chinese (singular and plural); adjective - Chinese

       Ethnic divisions:

       Han Chinese 93.3%; Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol,

       Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 6.7%

       Religions:

       officially atheist, but traditionally pragmatic and eclectic; most important

       elements of religion are Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism; Muslim 2-3%,

       Christian 1% (est.)

       Languages:

       Standard Chinese (Putonghua) or Mandarin (based on the Beijing dialect);

       also Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan

       (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, and minority languages (see

       ethnic divisions)

       Literacy:

       73% (male 84%, female 62%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

       Labor force:

       567,400,000; agriculture and forestry 60%, industry and commerce 25%,

       construction and mining 5%, social services 5%, other 5% (1990 est.)

       Organized labor:

       All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) follows the leadership of the

       Chinese Communist Party; membership over 80 million or about 65% of the

       urban work force (1985)

      :China Government

      Long-form name:

       People's Republic of China; abbreviated PRC

       Type:

       Communist Party - led state

       Capital:

       Beijing

       Administrative divisions:

       23 provinces (sheng, singular and plural), 5 autonomous regions* (zizhiqu,

       singular and plural), and 3 municipalities** (shi, singular and plural);

       Anhui, Beijing Shi**, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi*, Guizhou, Hainan,

       Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning,

       Nei Mongol*, Ningxia*, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanghai Shi**, Shanxi,

       Sichuan, Tianjin Shi**, Xinjiang*, Xizang*, Yunnan, Zhejiang; note - China

       considers Taiwan its 23rd province

       Independence:

       unification under the Qin (Ch'in) Dynasty 221 BC, Qing (Ch'ing) Dynasty

       replaced by the Republic on 12 February 1912, People's Republic established

       1 October 1949

       Constitution:

       most recent promulgated 4 December 1982

       Legal system:

       a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely criminal law; rudimentary

       civil code in effect since 1 January 1987; new legal codes in effect since 1

       January 1980; continuing efforts are being made to improve civil,

       administrative, criminal, and commercial law

       National holiday:

       National Day, 1 October (1949)

       Executive branch:

       president, vice president, premier, five vice premiers, State Council

       Legislative branch:

       unicameral National People's Congress (Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui)

       Judicial branch:

       Supreme People's Court

       Leaders:

       Chief of State:

       President YANG Shangkun (since 8 April 1988); Vice President WANG Zhen

       (since 8 April 1988)

       Chief of State and Head of Government (de facto):

       DENG Xiaoping (since mid-1977)

       Head of Government:

       Premier LI Peng (Acting Premier since 24 November 1987, Premier since 9

       April 1988); Vice Premier YAO Yilin (since 2 July 1979); Vice Premier TIAN

       Jiyun (since 20 June 1983); Vice Premier WU Xueqian (since 12 April 1988);

       Vice Premier ZOU Jiahua (since 8 April 1991); Vice Premier ZHU Rongji (since

       8 April 1991)

       Political parties and leaders:

       - Chinese Communist Party (CCP), JIANG Zemin, general secretary of the

       Central Committee (since 24 June 1989); also, eight registered small parties

       controlled by CCP

       Suffrage:

       universal at age 18

       Elections:

       National People's Congress:

       last held March 1988 (next to be held March 1993); results - CCP is the only

       party but there are also independents; seats - (2,976 total) CCP and

       СКАЧАТЬ