The 1992 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ style="font-size:15px;">       accounts for 26% of GNP; among the world's largest producers of rice,

       potatoes, sorghum, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, and pork; commercial crops

       include cotton, other fibers, and oilseeds; produces variety of livestock

       products; basically self-sufficient in food; fish catch of 8 million metric

       tons in 1986

       Illicit drugs:

       transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden Triangle

       Economic aid:

       donor - to less developed countries (1970-89) $7.0 billion; US commitments,

       including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $220.7 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA

       and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $13.5 billion

       Currency:

       yuan (plural - yuan); 1 yuan (Y) = 10 jiao

       Exchange rates:

       yuan (Y) per US$1 - 5.4481 (January 1992), 5.3234 (1991), 4.7832 (1990),

       3.7651 (1989), 3.7221 (1988), 3.7221 (1987)

       Fiscal year:

       calendar year

      :China Communications

      Railroads:

       total about 54,000 km common carrier lines; 53,400 km 1.435-meter standard

       gauge; 600 km 1.000-meter gauge; of these 11,200 km are double track

       standard-gauge lines; 6,900 km electrified (1990); 10,000 km dedicated

       industrial lines (gauges range from 0.762 to 1.067 meters)

       Highways:

       about 1,029,000 km (1990) all types roads; 170,000 km (est.) paved roads,

       648,000 km (est.) gravel/improved earth roads, 211,000 km (est.) unimproved

       earth roads and tracks

       Inland waterways:

       138,600 km; about 109,800 km navigable

       Pipelines:

       crude oil 9,700 km (1990); petroleum products 1,100 km; natural gas 6,200 km

       Ports:

       Dalian, Guangzhou, Huangpu, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Xingang,

       Zhanjiang, Ningbo, Xiamen, Tanggu, Shantou

       Merchant marine:

       1,454 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 13,887,312 GRT/20,916,127 DWT;

       includes 25 passenger, 42 short-sea passenger, 18 passenger-cargo, 6

       cargo/training, 801 cargo, 10 refrigerated cargo, 77 container, 19

       roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 multifunction/barge carrier, 177 petroleum tanker,

       10 chemical tanker, 254 bulk, 3 liquefied gas, 1 vehicle carrier, 9

       combination bulk, 1 barge carrier; note - China beneficially owns an

       additional 194 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling approximately 7,077,089

       DWT that operate under Panamanian, British, Hong Kong, Maltese, Liberian,

       Vanuatu, Cyprus, and Saint Vincent registry

       Civil air:

       284 major transport aircraft (1988 est.)

       Airports:

       330 total, 330 usable; 260 with permanent-surface runways; fewer than 10

       with runways over 3,500 m; 90 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 200 with runways

       1,220-2,439 m

       Telecommunications:

       domestic and international services are increasingly available for private

       use; unevenly distributed internal system serves principal cities,

       industrial centers, and most townships; 11,000,000 telephones (December

       1989); broadcast stations - 274 AM, unknown FM, 202 (2,050 repeaters) TV;

       more than 215 million radio receivers; 75 million TVs; satellite earth

       stations - 4 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 1 INMARSAT,

       and 55 domestic

      :China Defense Forces

      Branches:

       People's Liberation Army (PLA), PLA Navy (including Marines), PLA Air Force,

       People's Armed Police

       Manpower availability:

       males 15-49, 339,554,712; 188,995,620 fit for military service; 11,691,967

       reach military age (18) annually

       Defense expenditures:

       exchange rate conversion - $12-15 billion, NA of GNP (1991 est.)

      :Christmas Island Geography

      Total area:

       135 km2

       Land area:

       135 km2

       Comparative area:

       about 0.8 times the size of Washington, DC

       Land boundaries:

       none

       Coastline:

       138.9 km

       Maritime claims:

       Contiguous zone:

       12 nm

       Exclusive fishing zone:

       200 nm

       Territorial sea:

       3 nm

       Disputes:

       none

       Climate:

       tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds

       Terrain:

       steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau

       Natural resources:

       phosphate

СКАЧАТЬ