The 1992 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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       Capital:

       N'Djamena

       Administrative divisions:

       14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine,

       Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental,

       Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile

       Independence:

       11 August 1960 (from France)

       Constitution:

       22 December 1989, suspended 3 December 1990; Provisional National Charter 1

       March 1991

       Legal system:

       based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted

       compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

       National holiday:

       11 August

       Executive branch:

       president, Council of State (cabinet)

       Legislative branch:

       the National Consultative Council (Conseil National Consultatif) was

       disbanded 3 December 1990 and replaced by the Provisional Council of the

       Republic; 30 members appointed by President DEBY on 8 March 1991

       Judicial branch:

       Court of Appeal

       Leaders:

       Chief of State:

       Col. Idriss DEBY (since 4 December 1990)

       Head of Government:

       Prime Minister Jean ALINGUE Bawoyeu (since 8 March 1991)

       Political parties and leaders:

       Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS; former dissident group), Idriss DEBY,

       chairman; President DEBY has promised political pluralism, a new

       constitution, and free elections by September 1993; numerous dissident

       groups; national conference to be held in 1992

       Suffrage:

       universal at age NA

       Elections:

       National Consultative Council:

       last held 8 July 1990; disbanded 3 December 1990

       President:

       last held 10 December 1989 (next to be held NA); results - President Hissein

       HABRE was elected without opposition; note - the government of then

       President HABRE fell on 1 December 1990, and Idriss DEBY seized power on 3

       December 1990; national conference scheduled for mid-1992 and election to

       follow in 1993

       Communists:

       no front organizations or underground party; probably a few Communists and

       some sympathizers

       Other political or pressure groups:

       NA

       Member of:

       ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU,

       IDA, IDB, IFAD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU,

       OIC, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

      :Chad Government

      Diplomatic representation:

       Ambassador ACHEIKH ibn Oumar; Chancery at 2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC

       20009; telephone (202) 462-4009

       US:

       Ambassador Richard W. BOGOSIAN; Embassy at Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena

       (mailing address is B. P. 413, N'Djamena); telephone [235] (51) 62-18,

       40-09, or 51-62-11; FAX [235] 51-33-72

       Flag:

       three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to

       the flag of Romania; also similar to the flag of Andorra, which has a

       national coat of arms featuring a quartered shield centered in the yellow

       band; design was based on the flag of France

      :Chad Economy

      Overview:

       The climate, geographic location, and lack of infrastructure and natural

       resources potential make Chad one of the most underdeveloped countries in

       the world. Its economy is burdened by the ravages of civil war, conflict

       with Libya, drought, and food shortages. In 1986 real GDP returned to its

       1977 level, with cotton, the major cash crop, accounting for 48% of exports.

       Over 80% of the work force is employed in subsistence farming and fishing.

       Industry is based almost entirely on the processing of agricultural

       products, including cotton, sugarcane, and cattle. Chad is highly dependent

       on foreign aid, with its economy in trouble and many regions suffering from

       shortages. Oil companies are exploring areas north of Lake Chad and in the

       Doba basin in the south. Since coming to power in December 1990, the Deby

       government has experienced a year of economic chaos.

       GDP:

       exchange rate conversion - $1.0 billion, per capita $205; real growth rate

       0.9% (1989 est.)

       Inflation rate (consumer prices):

       —4.9% (1989)

       Unemployment rate:

       NA

       Budget:

       entirely funded by outside donors

       Exports:

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