The 1996 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ make Chad one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world. Its economy is hobbled by political turmoil, drought, and food shortages. Consequently the economy has shown little progress in recent years in overcoming a severe setback brought on by civil war in the late 1980s. More than 80% of the work force is involved in subsistence farming and fishing. Cotton is the major cash crop, accounting for at least half of exports. Chad is highly dependent on foreign aid, especially food credits, given chronic shortages in several regions. Of all the Francophone countries in Africa, Chad has benefited the least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies on 12 January 1994. Despite an increase in external financial aid and favorable price increases for cotton - the primary source of foreign exchange - the corrupt and enfeebled government bureaucracy continues to postpone payment of public sector salaries and to dampen economic enterprise by neglecting payments to domestic suppliers. The devaluation resulted in stepped-up inflation of 41% in 1994; in contrast to other Francophone countries, Chad continued to suffer high inflation in 1995 because of the government's lack of financial discipline. Oil production in the Lake Chad area remains a distant prospect and the subsistence-driven economy probably will continue to limp along in the near term.

      GDP: purchasing power parity - $3.3 billion (1995 est.)

      GDP real growth rate: 4% (1994 est.)

      GDP per capita: $600 (1995 est.)

      GDP composition by sector: agriculture: 49% industry: 17% services: 34%

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 41% (1994 est.)

      Labor force: NA

       by occupation: agriculture 85% (subsistence farming, herding, and

       fishing)

      Unemployment rate: NA%

      Budget:

       revenues: $120 million

       expenditures: $363 million, including capital expenditures of $104

       million (1992 est.)

      Industries: cotton textiles, meat packing, beer brewing, natron

       (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials

      Industrial production growth rate: NA%

      Electricity: capacity: 40,000 kW production: 80 million kWh consumption per capita: 13 kWh (1993)

      Agriculture: cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels

      Exports: $132 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: cotton, cattle, textiles, fish partners: France, Nigeria, Cameroon, Zaire, Sudan, Central African Republic

      Imports: $201 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: machinery and transportation equipment 39%, industrial goods 20%, petroleum products 13%, foodstuffs 9%; textiles; note - excludes military equipment partners: US, France, Nigeria, Cameroon, Italy, Germany

      External debt: $757 million (December 1993 )

      Economic aid:

       recipient: ODA, $NA

      Currency: 1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100

       centimes

      Exchange rates: CFA Francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 500.56 (January

       1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992),

       282.11 (1991)

       note: beginning 12 January 1994 the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF

       100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since

       1948

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      Transportation———————

      Railways: 0 km

      Highways: total: 31,141 km paved: 32 km unpaved: 31,109 km (1987 est.)

      Waterways: 2,000 km navigable

      Ports: none

      Airports:

       total: 47

       with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 3

       with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 1

       with paved runways under 914 m: 11

       with unpaved runways over 3 047 m: 1

       with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 13

       with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 18 (1995 est.)

      Communications———————

      Telephones: 5,000 (1987 est.)

      Telephone system: primitive system domestic: fair system of radiotelephone communication stations international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 6, FM 1, shortwave 0

      Radios: NA

      Television broadcast stations: 1 (1987 est.) note: limited TV service; many facilities are inoperative

      Televisions: 7,000 (1991 est.)

      Defense———

      Branches: Armed Forces (includes Ground Force, Air Force, and

       Gendarmerie), Republican Guard, Police

      Manpower availability: males age 15–49: 1,562,052 males fit for military service: 809,210 males reach military age (20) annually: 63,254 (1996 est.)

      Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $74 million, 11.1% of GDP (1994)

      ======================================================================

      @Chile——

      Map—

      Location: 30 00 S, 71 00 W—Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru

      Flag——

      Description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center; design was based on the US flag

      Geography————

      Location: Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic

       Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru

      Geographic coordinates: 30 00 S, 71 00 W

      Map references: South America

      Area:

       total area: 756,950 sq km

       СКАЧАТЬ