The 1996 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ growth rate: 2.68% (1996 est.)

      Birth rate: 44.25 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Death rate: 17.44 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female

       all ages: 0.97 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 120.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 47.55 years male: 45.18 years female: 50.01 years (1996 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 5.84 children born/woman (1996 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Chadian(s) adjective: Chadian

      Ethnic divisions: nonindigenous 150,000, of whom 1,000 are French north and center: Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, Zaghawa, and Maba) south: non-Muslims (Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, Massa)

      Religions: Muslim 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs (mostly

       animism) 25%

      Languages: French (official), Arabic (official), Sara and Sango

       (in south), more than 100 different languages and dialects

      Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write in French or Arabic

       (1995 est.)

       total population: 48.1%

       male: 62.1%

       female: 34.7%

      Government—————

      Name of country: conventional long form: Republic of Chad conventional short form: Chad local long form: Republique du Tchad local short form: Tchad

      Data code: CD

      Type of government: republic

      Capital: N'Djamena

      Administrative divisions: 14 prefectures (prefectures, singular -

       prefecture); Batha, Biltine, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi,

       Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi,

       Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile

      Independence: 11 August 1960 (from France)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 11 August (1960)

      Constitution: 31 March 1995, passed by referendum

      Legal system: based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage: NA years of age; universal

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (since 4 December

       1990, after seizing power on 3 December 1990); note - transitional

       government's mandate was scheduled to expire in May 1996; the first

       round of presidential elections was scheduled for 2 June 1996, with

       a runoff on 23 June if necessary

       head of government: Prime Minister Djimasta KOIBLA (since 9 April

       1995) elected by the Sovereign National Conference

       cabinet: Council of State appointed by the president on

       recommendation of the prime minister

      Legislative branch: unicameral

       Higher Transitional Council (Conseil Superieur de Transition:

       popular elections to the former National Consultative Council

       (Conceil National Consultatif) were last held 8 July 1990; this body

       was disbanded on 3 December 1990 by President DEBY and on 8 March

       1991 replaced with the Provisional Council of the Republic having 30

       members whom he appointed; this body, in turn, was replaced on 6

       April 1993 by a 57-member Higher Transitional Council (Conseil

       Superieur de Transition) elected by a specially convened Sovereign

       National Conference; popular elections, formerly scheduled for April

       1995, were initially postponed by mutual agreement of the parties

       concerned until at least May 1996 and subsequently postponed until

       after the rainy season (as late as October 1996); note - the name of

       the anticipated new legislative body has not been announced

      Judicial branch: Court of Appeal

      Political parties and leaders: Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS), former dissident group, Idriss DEBY, chairman note: President DEBY, who promised political pluralism, a new constitution, and free elections by April 1994, subsequently twice postponed these initiatives; there are numerous dissident groups and at least 45 opposition political parties

      Other political or pressure groups: NA

      International organization participation: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC,

       CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD,

       IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UDEAC,

       UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO

      Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Mahamat Saleh AHMAT chancery: 2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 462–4009 FAX: [1] (202) 265–1937

      US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Laurence E. POPE II embassy: Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena mailing address: B. P. 413, N'Djamena telephone: [235] (51) 70–09, (51) 90–52, (51) 92–33 FAX: [235] (51) 56–54

      Flag: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flag of Andorra, which has a national coat of arms featuring a quartered shield centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France

      Economy———

      Economic overview: Climate, geographic remoteness, СКАЧАТЬ