The 1996 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ resources: coal, iron ore, petroleum, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest)

      Land use:

       arable land: 10%

       permanent crops: 0%

       meadows and pastures: 31%

       forest and woodland: 14%

       other: 45%

      Irrigated land: 478,220 sq km (1991)

      Environment:

       current issues: air pollution from the overwhelming use of

       high-sulfur coal as a fuel, produces acid rain which is damaging

       forests; water shortages experienced throughout the country,

       particularly in urban areas; future growth in water usage threatens

       to outpace supplies; water pollution from industrial effluents; much

       of the population does not have access to potable water; less than

       10% of sewage receives treatment; deforestation; estimated loss of

       one-fifth of agricultural land since 1957 to soil erosion and

       economic development; desertification; trade in endangered species

       natural hazards: frequent typhoons (about five per year along

       southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis;

       earthquakes; droughts

       international agreements: party to - Antarctic-Environmental

       Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered

       Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone

       Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands;

       signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea

      Geographic note: world's third-largest country (after Russia and

       Canada)

      People———

      Population: 1,210,004,956 (July 1996 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 26% (male 167,448,148; female 151,601,650)

       15–64 years: 67% (male 421,455,418; female 393,913,510)

       65 years and over: 7% (male 35,056,409; female 40,529,821) (July

       1996 est.)

      Population growth rate: 0.98% (1996 est.)

      Birth rate: 17.01 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Death rate: 6.92 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Net migration rate: −0.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.11 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female

       all ages: 1.06 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 39.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 69.62 years male: 68.33 years female: 71.06 years (1996 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 1.81 children born/woman (1996 est.)

      Nationality:

       noun: Chinese (singular and plural)

       adjective: Chinese

      Ethnic divisions: Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi,

       Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities

       8.1%

      Religions: Daoism (Taoism), Buddhism, Muslim 2%-3%, Christian 1%

       (est.)

       note: officially atheist, but traditionally pragmatic and eclectic

      Languages: Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the

       Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei

       (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects,

       minority languages (see Ethnic divisions entry)

      Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)

       total population: 81.5%

       male: 89.9%

       female: 72.7%

      Government—————

      Name of country:

       conventional long form: People's Republic of China

       conventional short form: China

       local long form: Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo

       local short form: Zhong Guo

       abbreviation: PRC

      Data code: CH

      Type of government: Communist state

      Capital: Beijing

      Administrative divisions: 23 provinces (sheng, singular and

       plural), 5 autonomous regions* (zizhiqu, singular and plural), and 3

       municipalities** (shi, singular and plural); Anhui, Beijing**,

       Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi*, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei,

       Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin,

       Liaoning, Nei Mongol*, Ningxia*, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong,

       Shanghai**, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin**, Xinjiang*, Xizang* (Tibet),

       Yunnan, Zhejiang

       note: China considers Taiwan its 23rd province

      Independence: 221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty

       221 BC; Qing or Ch'ing Dynasty replaced by the Republic on 12

       February 1912; People's Republic established 1 October 1949)

      National СКАЧАТЬ