The 1996 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ land area: 748,800 sq km

       comparative area: slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana

       note: includes Isla de Pascua (Easter Island) and Isla Sala y Gomez

      Land boundaries: total: 6,171 km border countries: Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km

      Coastline: 6,435 km

      Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

      International disputes: short section of the southern boundary with Argentina is indefinite; Bolivia has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Bolivia over Rio Lauca water rights; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims

      Climate: temperate; desert in north; cool and damp in south

      Terrain: low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged

       Andes in east

       lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m

       highest point: Cerro Aconcagua 6,962 m

      Natural resources: copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious

       metals, molybdenum

      Land use:

       arable land: 7%

       permanent crops: 0%

       meadows and pastures: 16%

       forest and woodland: 21%

       other: 56%

      Irrigated land: 12,650 sq km (1989 est.)

      Environment:

       current issues: air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions;

       water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation contributing to loss

       of biodiversity; soil erosion; desertification

       natural hazards: severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis

       international agreements: party to - Antarctic-Environmental

       Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered

       Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine

       Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,

       Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea

      Geographic note: strategic location relative to sea lanes between

       Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel,

       Drake Passage); Atacama Desert is one of world's driest regions

      People———

      Population: 14,333,258 (July 1996 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 29% (male 2,071,816; female 2,041,417)

       15–64 years: 65% (male 4,599,173; female 4,651,030)

       65 years and over: 6% (male 403,019; female 566,803) (July 1996 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.24% (1996 est.)

      Birth rate: 18.09 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Death rate: 5.68 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female

       all ages: 0.97 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 13.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 74.49 years male: 71.26 years female: 77.72 years (1996 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 2.23 children born/woman (1996 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Chilean(s) adjective: Chilean

      Ethnic divisions: European and European-Indian 95%, Indian 3%, other 2%

      Religions: Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 11%, Jewish

      Languages: Spanish

      Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)

       total population: 95.2%

       male: 95.4%

       female: 95%

      Government—————

      Name of country: conventional long form: Republic of Chile conventional short form: Chile local long form: Republica de Chile local short form: Chile

      Data code: CI

      Type of government: republic

      Capital: Santiago

      Administrative divisions: 13 regions (regiones, singular - region); Aisen del General Carlos Ibanez del Campo, Antofagasta, Araucania, Atacama, Bio-Bio, Coquimbo, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena, Maule, Region Metropolitana, Tarapaca, Valparaiso note: the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica

      Independence: 18 September 1810 (from Spain)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 18 September (1810)

      Constitution: 11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 30 July 1989

      Legal system: based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

      Executive branch:

       chief of state and head of government: President Eduardo FREI

       Ruiz-Tagle (since 11 March 1994) elected for a four-year term by

       popular vote; election last held 11 December 1993 (next to be held

       NA December 1997); results - Eduardo FREI Ruiz-Tagle (PDC) 58%,

       Arturo ALESSANDRI 24.4%, other 17.6%

       cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president

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