The 2005 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ 335 km (2004)

      Ports and harbors:

       Budapest, Dunaujvaros, Gyor-Gonyu, Csepel, Baja, Mohacs (2003)

      Airports:

       44 (2004 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 18 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 26 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.)

      Heliports: 5 (2004 est.)

      Military Hungary

      Military branches:

       Ground Forces, Air Forces

      Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in June 2004 (June 2004)

      Manpower available for military service:

       males age 18–49: 2,303,116 (2005 est.)

      Manpower fit for military service:

       males age 18–49: 1,780,513 (2005 est.)

      Manpower reaching military service age annually:

       males: 63,847 (2005 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       $1.08 billion (2002 est.)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

       1.75% (2002 est.)

      Transnational Issues Hungary

      Disputes - international:

       in 2004, Hungary amended the status law extending special social

       and cultural benefits and voted down a referendum to extend dual

       citizenship to ethnic Hungarians living in neighboring states, which

       have objected to such measures; consultations continue between

       Slovakia and Hungary over Hungary's completion of its portion the

       Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a

       member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Hungary

       must implement the strict Schengen border rules

      Illicit drugs:

       transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and for

       South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer

       of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and

       methamphetamine; improving, but remains vulnerable to money

       laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking

      This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

      ======================================================================

      @Iceland

      Introduction Iceland

      Background:

       Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants

       during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Iceland boasts the

       world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althing,

       established in 930. Independent for over 300 years, Iceland was

       subsequently ruled by Norway and Denmark. Fallout from the Askja

       volcano of 1875 devastated the Icelandic economy and caused

       widespread famine. Over the next quarter century, 20% of the

       island's population emigrated, mostly to Canada and the US. Limited

       home rule from Denmark was granted in 1874 and complete independence

       attained in 1944. Literacy, longevity, income, and social cohesion

       are first-rate by world standards.

      Geography Iceland

      Location:

       Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North

       Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the UK

      Geographic coordinates:

       65 00 N, 18 00 W

      Map references:

       Arctic Region

      Area:

       total: 103,000 sq km

       land: 100,250 sq km

       water: 2,750 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly smaller than Kentucky

      Land boundaries:

       0 km

      Coastline:

       4,988 km

      Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

      Climate:

       temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy

       winters; damp, cool summers

      Terrain:

       mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast

       deeply indented by bays and fiords

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

       highest point: Hvannadalshnukur 2,119 m (at Vatnajokull glacier)

      Natural resources:

       fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite

      Land use: arable land: 0.07% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.93% (2001)

      Irrigated land:

       NA sq km

      Natural hazards:

       earthquakes and volcanic activity

      Environment - current issues:

       water pollution from fertilizer runoff; inadequate СКАЧАТЬ