The 2004 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ 533.3 billion kWh (2001)

      Electricity - consumption:

       497.2 billion kWh (2001)

      Electricity - exports:

       321 million kWh (2001)

      Electricity - imports:

       1.54 billion kWh (2001)

      Oil - production:

       732,400 bbl/day (2001 est.)

      Oil - consumption:

       2.13 million bbl/day (2001 est.)

      Oil - exports:

       NA (2001)

      Oil - imports:

       NA (2001)

      Oil - proved reserves:

       4.33 billion bbl (1 January 2002)

      Natural gas - production:

       22.75 billion cu m (2001 est.)

      Natural gas - consumption:

       22.75 billion cu m (2001 est.)

      Natural gas - exports:

       0 cu m (2001 est.)

      Natural gas - imports:

       0 cu m (2001 est.)

      Natural gas - proved reserves:

       542.4 billion cu m (1 January 2002)

      Current account balance:

       $3.41 billion (2003)

      Exports:

       $57.24 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

      Exports - commodities:

       textile goods, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals,

       leather manufactures

      Exports - partners:

       US 20.6%, China 6.4%, UK 5.3%, Hong Kong 4.8%, Germany 4.4% (2003)

      Imports:

       $74.15 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

      Imports - commodities:

       crude oil, machinery, gems, fertilizer, chemicals

      Imports - partners:

       US 6.4%, Belgium 5.6%, UK 4.8%, China 4.3%, Singapore 4% (2003)

      Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:

       $102.3 billion (2003)

      Debt - external:

       $101.7 billion (2003 est.)

      Economic aid - recipient:

       $2.9 billion (FY98/99)

      Currency:

       Indian rupee (INR)

      Currency code:

       INR

      Exchange rates:

       Indian rupees per US dollar - 46.5806 (2003), 48.6103 (2002),

       47.1864 (2001), 44.9416 (2000), 43.0554 (1999)

      Fiscal year:

       1 April - 31 March

      Communications India

      Telephones - main lines in use:

       48.917 million (2003)

      Telephones - mobile cellular:

       26,154,400 (2003)

      Telephone system:

       general assessment: recent deregulation and liberalization of

       telecommunications laws and policies have prompted rapid change;

       local and long distance service provided throughout all regions of

       the country, with services primarily concentrated in the urban

       areas; steady improvement is taking place with the recent admission

       of private and private-public investors, but telephone density

       remains low at about seven for each 100 persons nationwide but only

       one per 100 persons in rural areas and a national waiting list of

       over 1.7 million; fastest growth is in cellular service with modest

       growth in fixed lines

       domestic: expansion of domestic service, although still weak in

       rural areas, resulted from increased competition and dramatic

       reductions in price led in large part by wireless service; mobile

       cellular service (both CDMA and GSM) introduced in 1994 and

       organized nationwide into four metropolitan cities and 19 telecom

       circles each with about three private service providers and one

       state-owned service provider; in recent years significant trunk

       capacity added in the form of fiber-optic cable and one of the

       world's largest domestic satellite systems, the Indian National

       Satellite system (INSAT), with 5 satellites supporting 33,000 very

       small aperture terminals (VSAT)

       international: country code - 91; satellite earth stations - 8

       Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region); nine

       gateway exchanges operating from Mumbai (Bombay), New Delhi, Kolkata

       (Calcutta), Chennai (Madras), Jalandhar, Kanpur, Gandhinagar,

       Hyderabad, and Ernakulam; 5 submarine cables, including Sea-Me-We-3

       with landing sites at Cochin and Mumbai (Bombay), Fiber-Optic Link

       Around the Globe (FLAG) with landing site at Mumbai (Bombay), South

       Africa - Far East (SAFE) with landing site at Cochin, i2icn linking

       to Singapore with landing sites at Mumbai (Bombay) and Chennai

       (Madras), and Tata Indicom linking Singapore and Chennai (Madras),

       provide СКАЧАТЬ