The 2004 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ style="font-size:15px;">       upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along

       the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m

       highest point: Kanchenjunga 8,598 m

      Natural resources:

       coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese,

       mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds,

       petroleum, limestone, arable land

      Land use:

       arable land: 54.4%

       permanent crops: 2.74%

       other: 42.86% (2001)

      Irrigated land:

       590,000 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive

       flooding from monsoonal rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes

      Environment - current issues:

       deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air

       pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water

       pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; tap

       water is not potable throughout the country; huge and growing

       population is overstraining natural resources

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living

       Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate

       Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,

       Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone

       Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical

       Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

       signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

       dominates South Asian subcontinent; near important Indian Ocean

       trade routes

      People India

      Population:

       1,065,070,607 (July 2004 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 31.7% (male 173,869,856; female 164,003,915)

       15–64 years: 63.5% (male 349,785,804; female 326,289,402)

       65 years and over: 4.8% (male 25,885,725; female 25,235,905) (2004

       est.)

      Median age:

       total: 24.4 years

       male: 24.4 years

       female: 24.4 years (2004 est.)

      Population growth rate:

       1.44% (2004 est.)

      Birth rate:

       22.8 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Death rate:

       8.38 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Net migration rate:

       −0.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female

       total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2004 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

       total: 57.92 deaths/1,000 live births

       female: 57.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)

       male: 58.52 deaths/1,000 live births

      Life expectancy at birth:

       total population: 63.99 years

       male: 63.25 years

       female: 64.77 years (2004 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

       2.85 children born/woman (2004 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

       0.8% (2001 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

       3.97 million (2001 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

       310,000 (2001 est.)

      Nationality:

       noun: Indian(s)

       adjective: Indian

      Ethnic groups:

       Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)

      Religions:

       Hindu 81.3%, Muslim 12%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other groups

       including Buddhist, Jain, Parsi 2.5% (2000)

      Languages:

       English enjoys associate status but is the most important language

       for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindi is the

       national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people; there are

       14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu,

       Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri,

       Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu

       spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official

       language

      Literacy:

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