The 2004 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ style="font-size:15px;">       195,000 (2003)

      Transportation Iceland

      Highways:

       total: 12,955 km

       paved/oiled gravel: 3,863 km

       unpaved: 9,092 km (2003)

      Ports and harbors:

       Akureyri, Hornafjordhur, Isafjordhur, Keflavik, Raufarhofn,

       Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur, Straumsvik, Vesttmannaeyjar

      Merchant marine:

       total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,341 GRT/6,019 DWT

       registered in other countries: 26 (2004 est.)

       by type: petroleum tanker 1

      Airports:

       100 (2003 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways:

       total: 5

       over 3,047 m: 1

       1,524 to 2,437 m: 3

       914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways:

       total: 93

       1,524 to 2,437 m: 3

       914 to 1,523 m: 29

       under 914 m: 61 (2004 est.)

      Military Iceland

      Military branches:

       no regular armed forces; Police, Coast Guard

      Military manpower - availability:

       males age 15–49: 75,568 (2004 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 66,503 (2004 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       0

      Military - note:

       defense is provided by the US-manned Icelandic Defense Force (IDF)

       headquartered at Keflavik

      Transnational Issues Iceland

      Disputes - international:

       Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Denmark, Iceland, and

       the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the

       Rockall area) remains dormant; dispute with Denmark over the Faroe

       Islands' fisheries median line boundary within 200 nm; disputes with

       Denmark, the UK, and Ireland over the Faroe Islands continental

       shelf boundary outside 200 nm

      This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

      ======================================================================

      @India

      Introduction India

      Background:

       The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world,

       dates back at least 5,000 years. Aryan tribes from the northwest

       invaded about 1500 B.C.; their merger with the earlier inhabitants

       created the classical Indian culture. Arab incursions starting in

       the 8th century and Turkish in the 12th were followed by European

       traders, beginning in the late 15th century. By the 19th century,

       Britain had assumed political control of virtually all Indian lands.

       Indian armed forces in the British army played a vital role in both

       World Wars. Nonviolent resistance to British colonialism under

       Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU led to independence in 1947.

       The subcontinent was divided into the secular state of India and the

       smaller Muslim state of Pakistan. A third war between the two

       countries in 1971 resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate

       nation of Bangladesh. Fundamental concerns in India include the

       ongoing dispute with Pakistan over Kashmir, massive overpopulation,

       environmental degradation, extensive poverty, and ethnic and

       religious strife, all this despite impressive gains in economic

       investment and output.

      Geography India

      Location:

       Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal,

       between Burma and Pakistan

      Geographic coordinates:

       20 00 N, 77 00 E

      Map references:

       Asia

      Area:

       total: 3,287,590 sq km

       land: 2,973,190 sq km

       water: 314,400 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly more than one-third the size of the US

      Land boundaries:

       total: 14,103 km

       border countries: Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463

       km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km

      Coastline:

       7,000 km

      Maritime claims:

       territorial sea: 12 nm

       continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

       contiguous zone: 24 nm

       exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

      Climate:

       varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north

      Terrain:

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