The 1990 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ of lowlands at onset of rainy season; active volcanoes; deforestation; soil erosion

      - People

       Population: 3,032,795 (July 1990), growth rate 2.6% (1990)

      Birth rate: 28 births/1,000 population (1990)

      Death rate: 4 deaths/1,000 population (1990)

      Net migration rate: 2 migrants/1,000 population (1990)

      Infant mortality rate: 16 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)

      Life expectancy at birth: 74 years male, 79 years female (1990)

      Total fertility rate: 3.3 children born/woman (1990)

      Nationality: noun—Costa Rican(s); adjective—Costa Rican

      Ethnic divisions: 96% white (including mestizo), 2% black, 1% Indian, 1% Chinese

      Religion: 95% Roman Catholic

      Language: Spanish (official), English spoken around Puerto Limon

      Literacy: 93%

      Labor force: 868,300; industry and commerce 35.1%, government and services 33%, agriculture 27%, other 4.9% (1985 est.)

      Organized labor: 15.1% of labor force

      - Government

       Long-form name: Republic of Costa Rica

      Type: democratic republic

      Capital: San Jose

      Administrative divisions: 7 provinces (provincias, singular—provincia);

       Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, Limon, Puntarenas, San Jose

      Independence: 15 September 1821 (from Spain)

      Constitution: 9 November 1949

      Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September (1821)

      Executive branch: president, two vice presidents, Cabinet

      Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Assembly (Asamblea Legislativa)

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)

      Leaders:

       Chief of State and Head of Government—President Rafael Angel

       CALDERON Fournier (since 8 May 1990); First Vice President German SERRANO

       Pinto (since 8 May 1990); Second Vice President Arnoldo LOPEZ Echandi

       (since 8 May 1990)

      Political parties and leaders: National Liberation Party (PLN),

       Carlos Manuel Castillo; Social Christian Unity Party (PUSC), Rafael Angel

       Calderon Fournier; Marxist Popular Vanguard Party (PVP), Humberto Vargas

       Carbonell; New Republic Movement (MNR), Sergio Erick Ardon;

       Progressive Party (PP), Javier Solis; People's Party of Costa Rica

       (PPC), Lenin Chacon Vargas; Radical Democratic Party (PRD), Juan Jose

       Echeverria Brealey

      Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18

      Elections:

       President—last held 4 February 1990 (next to be held February

       1994);

       results—Rafael Calderon Fournier 51%, Carlos Manuel Castillo 47%;

      Legislative Assembly—last held 4 February 1990 (next to be held February 1994); results—percent of vote by party NA; seats—(57 total) PUSC 29, PLN 25, PVP/PPC 1, regional parties 2

      Communists: 7,500 members and sympathizers

      Other political or pressure groups: Costa Rican Confederation of

       Democratic Workers (CCTD; Liberation Party affiliate), Confederated Union of

       Workers (CUT; Communist Party affiliate), Authentic Confederation of

       Democratic Workers (CATD; Communist Party affiliate), Chamber of Coffee

       Growers, National Association for Economic Development (ANFE), Free Costa Rica

       Movement (MCRL; rightwing militants), National Association of Educators (ANDE)

      Member of: CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA,

       IDB—Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC,

       ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, IWC—International Wheat Council,

       OAS, ODECA, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO

      Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Danilo JIMENEZ; Chancery at Suite 211, 1825 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington DC 20009; telephone (202) 234–2945 through 2947; there are Costa Rican Consulates General at Albuquerque, Boston, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico), and Tampa, and Consulates in Austin, Buffalo, Honolulu, and Raleigh; US—Ambassador (vacant); Embassy at Pavas Road, San Jose (mailing address is APO Miami 34020); telephone p506o 33–11-55

      Flag: five horizontal bands of blue (top), white, red (double width), white, and blue with the coat of arms in a white disk on the hoist side of the red band

      - Economy Overview: In 1988 the economy grew at a 3.8% rate, a drop from the 5.1% of the previous year. Gains in agricultural production (on the strength of good coffee and banana crops) and in construction, were partially offset by declines in the rates of growth for the industry and commerce sectors. In 1988 consumer prices rose by nearly 21% followed by a 10% rise in 1989. Unemployment is officially reported at about 6%, but much underemployment remains. External debt, on a per capita basis, is among the world's highest.

      GDP: $4.7 billion, per capita $1,630; real growth rate 3.8% (1988)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10% (1989)

      Unemployment rate: 5.5% (March 1989)

      Budget: revenues $719 million; expenditures $808 million, including capital expenditures of $103 million (1988)

      Exports: $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1988); commodities—coffee, bananas, textiles, sugar; partners—US 75%, FRG, Guatemala, Netherlands, UK, Japan

      Imports: $1.4 billion (c.i.f., 1988); commodities—petroleum, machinery, consumer durables, chemicals, fertilizer, foodstuffs; partners—US 35%, Japan, Guatemala, FRG

      External debt: $4.5 billion (1989)

      Industrial production: growth СКАЧАТЬ