The 1990 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

      Leaders:

       Chief of State and Head of Government—President Said

       Mohamed DJOHAR (since 11 March 1990)

      Political parties: Comoran Union for Progress (Udzima), Said

       Mohamed Djohar, president; National Union for Democracy (UNDC),

       Mohamed Taki

      Suffrage: universal at age 18

      Elections:

       President—last held 11 March 1990 (next to be held March 1996);

       results—Said Mohamed Djohar (Udzima) 55%; Mohamed Taki Abdulkarim

       (UNDC) 45%;

      Federal Assembly—last held 22 March 1987 (next to be held March 1992); results—percent of vote by party NA; seats—(42 total) Udzima 42

      Member of: ACP, AfDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, IDA, IDB—Islamic Development Bank,

       IFAD, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO

      Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Amini Ali MOUMIN; Chancery (temporary) at the Comoran Permanent Mission to the UN, 336 East 45th Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10017; telephone (212) 972–8010; US—Ambassador Howard K. WALKER, resides in Antananarivo (Madagascar); Embassy at address NA, Moroni (mailing address B. P. 1318, Moroni); telephone 73–12-03

      Flag: green with a white crescent placed diagonally (closed side of the crescent points to the upper hoist-side corner of the flag); there are four white five-pointed stars placed in a line between the points of the crescent; the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam; the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago—Mwali, Njazidja, Nzwani, and Mayotte (which is a territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by the Comoros)

      - Economy Overview: One of the world's poorest countries, Comoros is made up of several islands that have poor transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a low level of economic activity, high unemployment, and a heavy dependence on foreign technical assistance. Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is the leading sector of the economy. It contributes about 40% to GDP, employs 80% of the labor force, and provides most of the exports. The country is not self-sufficient in food production, and rice, the main staple, accounts for 90% of imports. During the period 1982–86 the industrial sector grew at an annual average rate of 5.3%, but its contribution to GDP was less than 4% in 1986. Despite major investment in the tourist industry, which accounts for about 25% of GDP, growth has stagnated since 1983.

      GDP: $207 million, per capita $475; real growth rate 0.1% (1988 est.)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 8.3% (1986)

      Unemployment rate: over 16% (1988 est.)

      Budget: revenues $75.2 million; expenditures $77.9 million, including capital expenditures of $4.8 million (1988 est.)

      Exports: $12 million (f.o.b., 1987); commodities—vanilla, cloves, perfume oil, copra; partners—US 53%, France 41%, Africa 4%, FRG 2%

      Imports: $52 million (c.i.f., 1987); commodities—rice and other foodstuffs, cement, petroleum products, consumer goods; partners—Europe 62% (France 22%, other 40%), Africa 5%, Pakistan, China

      External debt: $238 million (December 1988)

      Industrial production: growth rate 3.4% (1988 est.)

      Electricity: 16,000 kW capacity; 24 million kWh produced, 55 kWh per capita (1989)

      Industries: perfume distillation

      Agriculture: accounts for 40% of GDP; most of population works in subsistence agriculture and fishing; plantations produce cash crops for export—vanilla, cloves, perfume essences, and copra; principal food crops—coconuts, bananas, cassava; world's leading producer of essence of ylang-ylang (for perfumes) and second-largest producer of vanilla; large net food importer

      Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY80–88), $9 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–87), $371 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $22 million; Communist countries (1970–88), $18 million

      Currency: Comoran franc (plural—francs); 1 Comoran franc (CF) = 100 centimes

      Exchange rates: Comoran francs (CF) per US$1—287.99 (January 1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985); note—linked to the French franc at 50 to 1 French franc

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      - Communications Highways: 750 km total; about 210 km bituminous, remainder crushed stone or gravel

      Ports: Mutsamudu, Moroni

      Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft

      Airports: 4 total, 4 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 3 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

      Telecommunications: sparse system of radio relay and high-frequency radio communication stations for interisland and external communications to Madagascar and Reunion; over 1,800 telephones; stations—2 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV

      - Defense Forces

       Branches: Army, Presidential Guard, Gendarmerie

      Military manpower: males 15–49, 97,504; 58,274 fit for military service

      Defense expenditures: 3% of GDP (1981)

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       Country: Congo

       - Geography

       Total area: 342,000 km2; land area: 341,500 km2

      Comparative area: slightly smaller than Montana

      Land boundaries: 5,504 km total; Angola 201 km, Cameroon 523 km,

       Central African Republic 467 km, Gabon 1,903 km, Zaire 2,410 km

      Coastline: 169 km

      Maritime claims:

      Territorial sea: 200 nm

      Disputes: long section with Zaire along the Congo River is indefinite (no division of the river or its islands has been made)

      Climate: tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); constantly high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator

      Terrain: coastal plain, southern basin, central plateau, northern basin

      Natural resources: petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc, uranium, copper, phosphates, natural gas

      Land use: 2% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 29% meadows and pastures; 62% forest СКАЧАТЬ