The 1990 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–88), $56 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–87), $2.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $15 million; Communist countries (1970–88), $338 million

      Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural—francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

      Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1—287.99 (January 1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      - Communications Railroads: 797 km, 1.067-meter gauge, single track (includes 285 km that are privately owned)

      Highways: 12,000 km total; 560 km bituminous surface treated; 850 km gravel, laterite; 5,350 km improved earth; 5,240 km unimproved roads

      Inland waterways: the Congo and Ubangi (Oubangui) Rivers provide 1,120 km of commercially navigable water transport; the rest are used for local traffic only

      Pipelines: crude oil 25 km

      Ports: Pointe-Noire (ocean port), Brazzaville (river port)

      Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft

      Airports: 51 total, 46 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 17 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

      Telecommunications: services adequate for government use; primary network is composed of radio relay routes and coaxial cables; key centers are Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Loubomo; 18,100 telephones; stations—3 AM, 1 FM, 4 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station

      - Defense Forces

       Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary National People's Militia

      Military manpower: males 15–49, 492,419; 250,478 fit for military service; 23,622 reach military age (20) annually

      Defense expenditures: 4.6% of GDP (1987)—————————————————————————— Country: Cook Islands (free association with New Zealand) - Geography Total area: 240 km2; land area: 240 km2

      Comparative area: slightly less than 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

      Land boundaries: none

      Coastline: 120 km

      Maritime claims:

      Continental shelf: 200 meters or edge of continental margin;

      Extended economic zone: 200 nm;

      Territorial sea: 12 nm

      Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds

      Terrain: low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in south

      Natural resources: negligible

      Land use: 4% arable land; 22% permanent crops; 0% meadows and pastures; 0% forest and woodland; 74% other

      Environment: subject to typhoons from November to March

      Note: located 4,500 km south of Hawaii in the South Pacific Ocean

      - People

       Population: 18,187 (July 1990), growth rate 0.5% (1990)

      Birth rate: 22 births/1,000 population (1990)

      Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1990)

      Net migration rate: - 10 migrants/1,000 population (1990)

      Infant mortality rate: 24 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)

      Life expectancy at birth: 66 years male, 72 years female (1990)

      Total fertility rate: 3.5 children born/woman (1990)

      Nationality: noun—Cook Islander(s); adjective—Cook Islander

      Ethnic divisions: 81.3% Polynesian (full blood), 7.7% Polynesian and

       European, 7.7% Polynesian and other, 2.4% European, 0.9% other

      Religion: Christian, majority of populace members of Cook Islands

       Christian Church

      Language: English

      Literacy: NA%

      Labor force: 5,810; agriculture 29%, government 27%, services 25%, industry 15%, and other 4% (1981)

      Organized labor: NA

      - Government

       Long-form name: none

      Type: self-governing in free association with New Zealand; Cook Islands fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs, in consultation with the Cook Islands

      Capital: Avarua

      Administrative divisions: none

      Independence: became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action

      Constitution: 4 August 1965

      National holiday: NA

      Executive branch: British monarch, representative of the UK, representative of New Zealand, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Cabinet

      Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament; note—the unicameral House of Arikis (chiefs) advises on traditional matters, but has no legislative powers

      Judicial branch: High Court

      Leaders:

       Chief of State—Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952);

       Representative of the UK Sir Tangaroa TANGAROA (since NA);

       Representative of New Zealand Adrian SINCOCK (since NA);

      Head of Government—Prime Minister Geoffrey HENRY (since NA February 1989); Deputy Prime Minister Inatio AKARURU (since NA)

      Political parties and leaders: Cook Islands Party, Geoffrey Henry;

       Democratic Tumu Party, Vincent Ingram; Democratic Party, Dr. Vincent Pupuke

       Robati; Cook Islands Labor Party, Rena Jonassen; Cook Islands People's Party,

       Sadaraka Sadaraka

      Suffrage: universal adult at age NA

      Elections: Parliament—last held 19 January 1989 (next to be held by January 1994); results—percent of vote by party NA; seats—(24 total) Cook Islands Party 12, Democratic Tumu Party 2, opposition coalition (including Democratic Party) 9, independent 1

      Member of: ADB, ESCAP (associate member), IDA, IFC, IMF, SPEC,

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