The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ system: modern system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities domestic: extensive microwave radio relay links; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 179, FM 614, shortwave 11

      Radios: NA

      Television broadcast stations: 11

      Televisions: 2.85 million (1992 est.)

      @Chile:Transportation

      Railways: total: 6,782 km broad gauge: 3,743 km 1.676-m gauge (1,653 km electrified) narrow gauge: 116 km 1.067-m gauge; 2,923 km 1.000-m gauge (40 km electrified) (1995)

      Highways: total : 79,750 km paved: 11,006 km unpaved: 68,744 km (1995 est.)

      Waterways: 725 km

      Pipelines: crude oil 755 km; petroleum products 785 km; natural gas 320 km

      Ports and harbors: Antofagasta, Arica, Chanaral, Coquimbo, Iquique,

       Puerto Montt, Punta Arenas, San Antonio, San Vicente, Talcahuano,

       Valparaiso

      Merchant marine: total: 38 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 520,710 GRT/865,867 DWT ships by type: bulk 11, cargo 8, chemical tanker 4, combination ore/oil 1, container 2, liquefied gas tanker 2, oil tanker 4, passenger 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3, vehicle carrier 2 (1996 est.)

      Airports: 343 (1996 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways: total : 259 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m : 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 18 914 to 1,523 m: 17 under 914 m: 214 (1996 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total : 84 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 71 (1996 est.)

      Military

      Military branches: Army of the Nation, National Navy (includes Naval Air, Coast Guard, and Marines), Air Force of the Nation, Carabineros of Chile (National Police), Investigations Police

      Military manpower - military age: 19 years of age

      Military manpower - availability: males age 15–49: 3,867,676 (1997 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service: males : 2,874,235 (1997 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 125,586 (1997 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure: $2.8 billion (1997); note - includes earnings from CODELCO Company; may exclude costs of pensions and internal security

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 3.5% (1997)

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes - international: short section of the southern boundary with Argentina is indefinite; Bolivia has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Bolivia over Rio Lauca water rights; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims

      Illicit drugs: a minor transshipment country for cocaine destined for the US and Europe; booming economy has made it more attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug profits ______________________________________________________________________

      CHINA

      (also see separate Taiwan entry)

      @China:Geography

      Location: Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay,

       Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam

      Geographic coordinates: 35 00 N, 105 00 E

      Map references: Asia

      Area: total: 9,596,960 sq km land : 9,326,410 sq km water: 270,550 sq km

      Area - comparative: slightly smaller than the US

      Land boundaries: total: 22,143.34 km border countries: Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185 km, Hong Kong 30 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakstan 1,533 km, North Korea 1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Macau 0.34 km, Mongolia 4,673 km, Nepal 1,236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast) 3,605 km, Russia (northwest) 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km

      Coastline: 14,500 km

      Maritime claims: contiguous zone : 24 nm continental shelf: claim to shallow areas of East China Sea and Yellow Sea territorial sea: 12 nm

      Climate: extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north

      Terrain: mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Turpan Pendi −154 m highest point: Mount Everest 8,848 m

      Natural resources: coal, iron ore, petroleum, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest)

      Land use: arable land: 10% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 43% forests and woodland: 14% other : 33% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 498,720 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts

      Environment - current issues: air pollution from the overwhelming use of high-sulfur coal as a fuel, produces acid rain which is damaging forests; water shortages experienced throughout the country, particularly in urban areas; future growth in water usage threatens to outpace supplies; water pollution from industrial effluents; much of the population does not have access to potable water; less than 10% of sewage receives treatment; deforestation; estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since 1949 to soil erosion and economic development; desertification; trade in endangered species

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified : Desertification

      Geography - note: world's fourth-largest country (after Russia,

       Canada, and US)

      @China:People

      Population: 1,221,591,778 (July 1997 est.)

      Age structure: 0–14 years : 26% (male 166,319,939; female 150,125,798) 15–64 years: 68% (male 427,340,489; female 393,914,502) 65 years and over: 6% (male 36,201,623; female 41,689,427) (July 1997 est.)

      Population growth rate: 0.93% (1997 est.)

      Birth rate: 16.52 births/1,000 population (1997 est.)

      Death СКАЧАТЬ