The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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      Military manpower - availability: males age 15–49 : 356,848,321 (1997 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service: males: 196,780,527 (1997 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males : 9,872,055 (1997 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure: the officially announced but suspect figure is 70.2 billion yuan (1995 est.); note - conversion of the defense budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP: NA%

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes - international: boundary with India in dispute; disputed sections of the boundary with Russia remain to be settled; boundary with Tajikistan in dispute; short section of the boundary with North Korea is indefinite; involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; maritime boundary dispute with Vietnam in the Gulf of Tonkin; Paracel Islands occupied by China, but claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; claims Japanese-administered Senkaku-shoto (Senkaku Islands/Diaoyu Tai), as does Taiwan

      Illicit drugs: major transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden Triangle; growing domestic drug abuse problem ______________________________________________________________________

      CHRISTMAS ISLAND

      (territory of Australia)

      @Christmas Island:Geography

      Location: Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of

       Indonesia

      Geographic coordinates: 10 30 S, 105 40 E

      Map references: Southeast Asia

      Area: total: 135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km

      Area - comparative: about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC

      Land boundaries: 0 km

      Coastline: 138.9 km

      Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone : 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm

      Climate: tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds

      Terrain: steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m

      Natural resources: phosphate

      Land use: arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% permanent pastures: NA% forests and woodland : NA% other: 100% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: NA sq km

      Natural hazards: the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard

      Environment - current issues: NA

      Environment - international agreements: party to : NA signed, but not ratified: NA

      Geography - note: located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean

      @Christmas Island:People

      Population: 743 (July 1997 est.)

      Age structure: 0–14 years: NA 15–64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA

      Population growth rate: −8.98% (1997 est.)

      Birth rate: NA births/1,000 population

      Death rate: NA deaths/1,000 population

      Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population

      Sex ratio: at birth: NA male(s)/female under 15 years: NA male(s)/female 15–64 years: NA male(s)/female 65 years and over: NA male(s)/female total population : NA male(s)/female

      Infant mortality rate: NA deaths/1,000 live births

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years

      Total fertility rate: NA children born/woman

      Nationality: noun: Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island

      Ethnic groups: Chinese 61%, Malay 25%, European 11%, other 3%, no indigenous population

      Religions: Buddhist 55%, Christian 15%, Muslim 10%, other 20% (1991)

      Languages: English

      @Christmas Island:Government

      Country name: conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form : Christmas Island

      Data code: KT

      Dependency status: territory of Australia

      Government type: NA

      National capital: The Settlement

      Administrative divisions: none (territory of Australia)

      Independence: none (territory of Australia)

      National holiday: NA

      Constitution: Christmas Island Act of 1958

      Legal system: under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law

      Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II of the UK (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government : Administrator (vacant); Official Secretary Merrilyn CHILVERS (since NA) is serving as acting administrator elections: none; the queen is a hereditary monarch; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the queen and Australia

      Legislative branch: unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms) elections: last held NA December 1996 (next to be held NA December 1997) election results : percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 9

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court

      Political parties and leaders: none

      International organization participation: none

      Diplomatic representation in the US: none (territory of Australia)

      Diplomatic representation from the US: none (territory of Australia)

      Flag description: the flag of Australia is used

      Economy

      Economy - overview: Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1990, the mine was reopened by private operators. Australian-based Casinos Austria International Ltd. built a $45 million casino on Christmas Island.

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