The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ by receiving 50% or more of the vote; where that did not happen, the two highest scoring candidates stood for a second round of voting election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MPS 65, URD 29, UNDR 15, RDP 3, others 13

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts;

       Magistrate Courts

      Political parties and leaders: Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Maldom Bada ABBAS, chairman], originally in opposition but now the party in power and the party of the president; National Union for Development and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO, leader]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lal Mahamat CHOUA, leader]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE, leader]; note - in mid-1996 Chad had about 60 political parties, of which these are the most prominent in the new National Assembly

      Political pressure groups and leaders: NA

      International organization participation: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC,

       CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD,

       IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UDEAC,

       UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

      Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission : Ambassador Mahamat Saleh AHMAT chancery: 2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 462–4009 FAX: [1] (202) 265–1937

      Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador David C. HALSTED embassy: Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena mailing address : B. P. 413, N'Djamena telephone: [235] (51) 70–09, (51) 90–52, (51) 92–33 FAX: [235] (51) 56–54

      Flag description: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flag of Andorra, which has a national coat of arms featuring a quartered shield centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France

      Economy

      Economy - overview: Unfavorable climate, geographic remoteness, poor resource endowment, and lack of infrastructure make Chad one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world. Its economy is hobbled by political turmoil, drought, and food shortages. Consequently the economy has shown little progress in recent years in overcoming a severe setback brought on by civil war in the late 1980s. About 85% of the work force is involved in subsistence farming and fishing. Cotton is the major cash crop, accounting for at least half of exports. Chad is highly dependent on foreign aid, especially food credits, given chronic food shortages in several regions. Of all the Francophone countries in Africa, Chad has benefited the least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies on 12 January 1994. Despite an increase in external financial aid and price increases for cotton - the primary source of foreign exchange - the corrupt and enfeebled government bureaucracy continues to postpone payment of public sector salaries and to dampen economic enterprise by neglecting payments to domestic suppliers. The devaluation resulted in stepped-up inflation of 41% in 1994; inflation fell to 9% in 1995 but it remains high compared with other Francophone countries. In one favorable development, Chad in December 1996 concluded an agreement with ESSO/Chad (EXXON) for drilling and extracting petroleum at Doba. Oil will be piped through Cameroon for export.

      GDP: purchasing power parity - $3.3 billion (1995 est.)

      GDP - real growth rate: 2.6% (1995 est.)

      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $600 (1995 est.)

      GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 48% industry: 18% services : 34% (1995 est.)

      Inflation rate - consumer price index: 9% (1995 est.)

      Labor force: NA by occupation : agriculture 85% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing)

      Unemployment rate: NA%

      Budget: revenues : $136 million expenditures: $222 million, including capital expenditures of $107 million (1994 est.)

      Industries: cotton textiles, meat packing, beer brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials

      Industrial production growth rate: NA%

      Electricity - capacity: 40,000 kW (1991)

      Electricity - production: 70 million kWh (1991)

      Electricity - consumption per capita: 14 kWh (1991 est.)

      Agriculture - products: cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels

      Exports: total value: $226 million (f.o.b., 1995) commodities: cotton, cattle, textiles, fish partners : Portugal 30%, Germany 18%, South Africa 16%, France 7%

      Imports: total value: $225 million (f.o.b., 1995 est.) commodities: machinery and transportation equipment 39%, industrial goods 20%, petroleum products 13%, foodstuffs 9%; textiles; note - excludes military equipment partners: France 34%, Cameroon 24%, Nigeria 7%, US 6%

      Debt - external: $875 million (1995 est.)

      Economic aid: recipient: ODA, $NA

      Currency: 1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

      Exchange rates: CFA Francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 541.69 (January 1997), 511.55 (1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992) note: beginning 12 January 1994 the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      @Chad:Communications

      Telephones: 5,000 (1987 est.)

      Telephone system: primitive system domestic: fair system of radiotelephone communication stations international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 6, FM 1, shortwave 0

      Radios: NA

      Television broadcast stations: 1 (1987 est.) note: limited TV service; many facilities are inoperative

      Televisions: 7,000 (1991 est.)

      @Chad:Transportation

      Railways: 0 km

      Highways: total: 32,700 km paved: 262 km unpaved : 32,438 km (1995 est.)

      Waterways: 2,000 km navigable

      Ports and harbors: none

      Airports: 46 (1996 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 15 over 3,047 m : 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 10 (1996 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total : 31 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 17 (1996 est.)

      Military

      Military branches: Armed Forces (includes Ground Force, Air Force, and

       Gendarmerie), Republican Guard, Police

      Military СКАЧАТЬ