Russia the formation of the state in the 9th century Veneds and the severjans (northerners), part of the Huns, which became the basis of a new community. Sergey Solovyov

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СКАЧАТЬ Tidrek saga or Wilkin saga (Thidhrekssaga, Wilkinasaga) is a collection of northern sagas, almost the only source of the Germanic heroic saga. This meeting appeared in the second half of the 13th century in Norway; its author used partly the stories of Lower German, partly the poems of his homeland. Next to the Norwegian edition, preserved in the only old manuscript, there is also an Old Swedish revision of this saga (mid-15th century), compiled by order of King Charles VIII Knutsson. Since Wilkinaland is repeatedly mentioned in the saga, the Swedish publisher Johan Peringskiöld (1715) gave it the name Vilkina Saga. The Norwegian edition was published in Oslo by KR Unger in 1853 under the title “Saga Didriks, Konungs af Bern” The enmity of the two kingdoms is described further: Vilkinaland and Rusiland. The first kingdom was ruled by Vilkinus (Norse Vilkinus), and the second by Hertnit (Norse Hertnið). After Vilkinus’ death, Gertnit conquered Vilkiniland. Before his death, Gertnit divided his possessions between three sons: the elder Ozantrix (Ósantrix) received Vilkinaland, the younger Valdimar (Valdimarr) Rusiland and Pulinaland, and the son of the concubine Ilias became the Jarl of Greece. “King Gertnit had two sons by his wife, the eldest was called Ozantrix, the younger Valdemar, and the third son, whom he had from a concubine, was called Ilias, he was a peaceful and friendly husband.”

      “And the third son, whom he (Gertnit) had from his concubine, was called Ilya – he was a peaceful and affable husband.” (Chapter 25), “A little time later, King Gertnit put his son as ruler in Greece, what was called Elijah, and gave him the dignity of a jarl, he was a great ruler and a strong knight” (Chapter 26).

      Before his death, Gertnit divided his possessions between his sons: the eldest, Ozantrix (Norwegian Ósantrix), became the king of the Wilkins (obviously, the Wiltsian lutichi),

      (This name, Ozantrix, is more reminiscent of Asana “legends of Slaven and Rousse.” Ozant-riks, where Riks is just a title, and the name Ozant-Asan.) (Norwegian Ilias) – Greek Jarl. After the death of Gertnit, the saga reports, his sons fought bloody wars with the Huns of Attila and Tidrek, who came to his aid.

      Legends and epic works of both Low German and High German origin brought to us the image of the epic Russian hero Ilya Muromets in a somewhat unusual “western” environment for him.

      In the spielman’s poem “Ortnit”, created at the beginning of the 13th century in southeastern Germany, the plot is localized in the Lombard kingdom, that is, separate legends that have existed since at least the 4th-6th centuries are used.) Ilya Muromets appears in this poem as a Russian king and as a noble relative of the powerful Lombard king Ortnit. It is Ilya who advises the young king to go in search of future queens to the Middle East, to the land of the Saracens, and then accompanies Orthnita in this dangerous enterprise.

      Dô sprach von den Riuzen der künic Vljas,

      wan er dâ nach Ortnîden der tiweriste was.

      ich weiz eine frouwen schoene und wol geborn,

      der gebat nie man, er hiete daz houbet sîn verlorn.

      In the Russian epic, Volkh-Veles appears as a deity born of the Dragon, here is the younger son, like Ivan Tsarevich. The form of the name Vljas, is identical to Veles or Volkh, and Ilya the Russian is identical to Veles-Volkh – he also goes on a march to the south (Hike to Syria, not India, as in the epic), where he gets a wife, though not to himself, as in the epic “Volkh Vseslavovich”, and brother Ortnit. (Probably, it is probably that the name Arthur can be traced here). This myth is similar to the legend about three brothers dividing the world – one to the left, the other to the right, and the younger one knows where, in this case, to Greece. The Spielman epic is a unique phenomenon in its own way. German spielmans of the 11th – 13th centuries represented the most democratic and mobile layer in the written literature of that time.

      Written evidence

      Homer can be called the oldest writer. Earlier than all, the Wends are mentioned by Homer, called the Aeneians or the Aenians, and their ruler, the king of the city of Cephas in Thessaly, is called Hunei, and here we see the Huns-Huns of antiquity.

      But from Kifa Guney with twenty and two ships

      He sailed, leading the Aenians and the warlike, strong Perrebians,

      A tribe of men who settled around Dodona cold,

      The lands of those who plowed, on whom the merry Titaresus makes noise,

      Quickly in Penei rushing magnificently rolling waters,

      Which he does not merge anywhere with the Penei of silver,

      Homer. Iliad II 748

      That is, Homer indicates where the Huns-Gants lived in a time close to him – in Thessaly, where it was possible to engage in horse breeding, and the Eneta-Venets are immediately mentioned, and next to the Huns, which will be important in the future.

      And they, as part of the Huns-Hans, came to Asia Minor and Hellas at the beginning of the II millennium BC. The earliest news of the Roman writers about the Wends date back to the end of the 1st-2nd centuries. n. e. and belong to Roman writers – Pliny the Elder, Publius Cornelius Tacitus and Ptolemy Claudius, and Arrian, although apparently Herodotus mentioned the Wends in the 5th century. BC BC, when he wrote that amber was brought from the Eridani River from the Enets (Venets), Quintus Curtius Rufus also wrote about them in his book about the campaign of Alexander the Great, and says that they lived in Asia Minor. According to Pliny (I century, the Wends lived on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea east of Vistula. Pliny the Elder and Pomponius Mela tell the story of the proconsul of Gaul Quintus Metellus Celer about how a storm nailed a ship with merchants of the Wind people (Venets) to the northern coast of Germany. For half a century, Tacitus places the Wends in the area between the Vistula River (Vistula) and the Aestia (Zsty). Tacitus hesitated in his judgment: whether to classify them as Germans or Sarmatians. Based on the fact that they “put houses”, “use shields” and “willingly move on foot”, he nevertheless considered them different from the Sarmatians,’ who live in a cart and on horseback. ‘On the Peitinger map, edited from the 1st century AD to the 5th century AD, the Wends are localized in two places, the first time (as Venadi) from the north of the Carpathians, the second (as Venedi) in the lower reaches of the Danube (in the region of the Ipotesti-Kindesh culture).

      The Gothic historian Jordan, in his story “On the origin and deeds of the Getae (Getik)” (551), described the places of residence of the Veneti

      “… At their left slope [the Carpathians], descending to the north, starting from the birthplace of the Vistula River, a populous tribe of Venets is located in immense spaces. Although their names now change according to different clans and localities, they are still predominantly called Sklavens and Antes. Sklavens live from the city of Novietaunai Lake, called Mursian Lake, to Dunastr [Dniester], and to the north – to Viskla [Vistula], instead of cities they have swamps and forests. The Antes, the strongest of both [tribes], spread from Danastr to Danapr [Dnieper], where the Pontic [Black] Sea forms a bend; these rivers are removed from one another at a distance of many crossings”

      In the same place, at Jordan, it is mentioned that during the time of the Ostrogoth [Ostrogothic] king Germanarich (died in 375 or 376 AD), the Wends tribe was subject to him along with other Proto-Slavic tribes:

      “These [Venets], as we have already told at the beginning of our exposition, – precisely when listing the tribes, – come from one root and are now known under three names: Venets, Antes, Sklavens. Although now, СКАЧАТЬ