the strongest possible expression of humility and entreaty. See E. E. V. Collocot, "Notes on Tongan Religion," Journal of the Polynesian Society, xxx. (1921) p. 159.
195
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, i. 163 sq.
196
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, i. 216-219. As to the rule that nobility descended only in the female line, through mothers, not through fathers, see id. ii. 84, 95 sq.; J. Dumont d'Urville, Voyage de l'Astrolabe, Histoire du Voyage, iv. 239.
197
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii. 220.
198
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, i. 194, note *; compare 434, note *.
199
W. Mariner, op. cit. ii. 221.
200
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii. 80 sq.
201
W. Mariner, op. cit. ii. 136-138.
202
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, i. 99-101. Compare E. E. V. Collocot, "Notes on Tongan Religion," Journal of the Polynesian Society, xxx. (1921) pp. 155-157.
203
W. Mariner, op. cit. ii. 224.
204
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, i. 350-360.
205
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, i. 438 sq., ii. 210-212; Captain James Wilson, Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean, pp. 239, 278; John Williams, Narrative of Missionary Enterprises in the South Sea Islands, pp. 470 sq.; Jérôme Grange, in Annales de la Propagation de la Foi, xvii. (1845) pp. 12, 26; Sarah S. Farmer, Tonga and the Friendly Islands, p. 128.
206
Captain James Cook, Voyages, iii. 204, v. 421 sq. However, in a footnote to the latter passage Captain Cook gives the correct explanation of the custom on the authority of Captain King: "It is common for the inferior people to cut off a joint of their little finger, on account of the sickness of the chiefs to whom they belong."
207
Labillardière, Relation du Voyage à la recherche de la Pérouse (Paris, 1800), ii. 151.
208
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii. 79, 268.
209
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii. 208 sq.
210
W. Mariner, op. cit. i. 366.
211
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, i. 438 sq.; compare id. ii. 214.
212
W. Mariner, op. cit. i. 367 sq.
213
Captain James Wilson, Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean, pp. 238-240.
214
Captain James Wilson, op. cit. p. 240.
215
Captain James Wilson, Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean, p. 257.
216
Captain James Wilson, op. cit., p. 278. This Ambler was a man of very indifferent, not to say infamous, character, but he rendered the missionaries considerable service by instructing them in the Tongan language, which he spoke fluently. See Captain James Wilson, op. cit. pp. 98, 244 sq.
217
See Adonis, Attis, Osiris, Third Edition, ii. 219 sqq.
218
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii. 127 sq.
219
W. Mariner, op. cit. i. 419, ii. 99, 128 sq.
220
Captain James Cook, Voyages, v. 423.
221
Captain James Wilson, Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean, pp. 278 sq.
222
Quoted by Miss Sarah S. Farmer, Tonga and the Friendly Islands, p. 131. As to Veeson, see id. pp. 78, 85 sqq. The title of his book is given (p. 87) as Authentic Narrative of a Four Years' Residence in Tongataboo (London: Longman & Co., 1815). I have not seen the book. The man's name is given as Vason by (Sir) Basil Thomson in his Diversions of a Prime Minister (Edinburgh and London, 1894), pp. 326, 327, 329, 331; but his real name seems to have been George Veeson. See Captain James Wilson, Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean, pp. 6, 230.
223
Charles Wilkes, Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition, iii. 22.
224
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii. 101-103.
225
Sarah S. Farmer, Tonga and the Friendly Islands, pp. 132 sq. As to Hikuleo and his long tail, see also Charles Wilkes, Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition, iii. 23, "Hikuleo is the god of spirits, and is the third in order of time; he dwells in a cave in the island. Bulotu is most remarkable for a long tail, which prevents him from going farther from the cave in which he resides than its length will admit of." Here the god Hikuleo appears to be confused with the island of Bulotu (Bulotoo) in which he resided. Tradition wavers on the question whether Hikuleo was a god or goddess, "but the general suffrage seems in favour of the female sex." See E. E. V. Collocot, "Notes on Tongan Religion," Journal of the Polynesian Society, xxx. (1921) pp. 152, 153.
226
As to a custom of putting the first-born to death, see The Dying God, pp. 178 sqq.; and for other reported instances of the custom, see Mrs. James Smith, The Booandik Tribe of South Australia (Adelaide, 1880), pp. 7 sq.; C. E. Fox, "Social Organisation in San Cristoval, Solomon Islands," Journal of the R. Anthropological Institute, xlix. (1919) p. 100; E. O. Martin, The Gods of India (London and Toronto, 1914), p. 215; N. W. Thomas, Anthropological Report on the Ibo-speaking peoples of Nigeria, Part i. (London, 1913) p. 12. Compare E. Westermarck, Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas (London, 1906), i. 458 sqq.
227
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii. 110 sq., 130, 131, 139, 140.
228
Captain James Cook, Voyages, v. 423.
229
Charles Wilkes, Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition, iii. 23. The writer here speaks of Bulotu, where he should have said Hikuleo. See above, p. 89, note1.
230
W. Mariner, Tongan Islands, ii. 97, 99, 103, 109 sq. See above, pp. 64 sq., 66.
231
W. Mariner, ii. 130 sq.; compare id. pp. 99, 103 sq., 109 sq.
