The 1992 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Чтение книги онлайн.

СКАЧАТЬ unable to prevent production from rising to 78,400 metric tons in 1991 from

       74,700 tons in 1989; government considers all but 12,000 hectares illicit;

       intermediate coca products and cocaine exported to or through Colombia and

       Brazil to the US and other international drug markets

      :Bolivia Economy

      Economic aid:

       US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $990 million; Western (non-US)

       countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2,025 million;

       Communist countries (1970-89), $340 million

       Currency:

       boliviano (plural - bolivianos); 1 boliviano ($B) = 100 centavos

       Exchange rates:

       bolivianos ($B) per US$1 - 3.7534 (January 1992), 3.5806 (1991), 3.1727

       (1990), 2.6917 (1989), 2.3502 (1988), 2.0549 (1987)

       Fiscal year:

       calendar year

      :Bolivia Communications

      Railroads:

       3,684 km total, all narrow gauge; 3,652 km 1.000-meter gauge and 32 km

       0.760-meter gauge, all government owned, single track

       Highways:

       38,836 km total; 1,300 km paved, 6,700 km gravel, 30,836 km improved and

       unimproved earth

       Inland waterways:

       10,000 km of commercially navigable waterways

       Pipelines:

       crude oil 1,800 km; petroleum products 580 km; natural gas 1,495 km

       Ports:

       none; maritime outlets are Arica and Antofagasta in Chile, Matarani and Ilo

       in Peru

       Merchant marine:

       2 cargo and 1 container ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 16,951 GRT/26,320

       DWT

       Civil air:

       56 major transport aircraft

       Airports:

       1,105 total, 943 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways

       over 3,659 m; 7 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 146 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

       Telecommunications:

       radio relay system being expanded; improved international services; 144,300

       telephones; broadcast stations - 129 AM, no FM, 43 TV, 68 shortwave; 1

       Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

      :Bolivia Defense Forces

      Branches:

       Army, Navy (including Marines), Air Force, National Police Force

       Manpower availability:

       males 15-49, 1,727,101; 1,122,224 fit for military service; 72,977 reach

       military age (18) annually

       Defense expenditures:

       exchange rate conversion - $80 million, 1.6% of GDP (1990 est).

      :Bosnia and Herzegovina Geography

      Total area:

       51,233 km2

       Land area:

       51,233 km2

       Comparative area:

       slightly larger than Tennessee

       Land boundaries:

       1,369 km; Croatia (northwest) 751 km, Croatia (south) 91 km, Serbia and

       Montenegro 527 km

       Coastline:

       20 km

       Maritime claims:

       Contiguous zone:

       NA nm

       Continental shelf:

       20-meter depth

       Exclusive economic zone:

       12 nm

       Exclusive fishing zone:

       12 nm

       Territorial sea:

       12 nm

       Disputes:

       Serbia and Croatia seek to cantonize Bosnia and Herzegovina; Muslim majority

       being forced from many areas

       Climate:

       hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool

       summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast

       Terrain:

       mountains and valleys

       Natural resources:

       coal, iron, bauxite, manganese, timber, wood products, copper, chromium,

       lead, zinc

       Land use:

       20% arable land; 2% permanent crops; 25% meadows and pastures; 36% forest

       and woodland; 16% other; includes 1% irrigated

       Environment:

       air pollution from metallurgical plants; water scarce; sites for disposing

       of urban waste are limited; subject to frequent and destructive earthquakes

       Note:

       Controls large percentage of important land routes from Western Europe to

       Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits

      :Bosnia and Herzegovina People

      Population:

       4,364,000 (July 1991), growth rate 0.5% (1991)

       Birth rate:

       14.5 births/1,000 population (1991)

       СКАЧАТЬ