The 1991 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ and as such remains part of Cuba

      _#_Coastline: 3,735 km

      _#_Maritime claims:

      Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;

      Territorial sea: 12 nm

      _#_Disputes: US Naval Base at Guantanamo is leased to US and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease

      _#_Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October)

      _#_Terrain: mostly flat to rolling plains with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast

      _#_Natural resources: cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese, salt, timber, silica

      _#_Land use: arable land 23%; permanent crops 6%; meadows and pastures 23%; forest and woodland 17%; other 31%; includes irrigated 10%

      _#_Environment: averages one hurricane every other year

      _#_Note: largest country in Caribbean; 145 km south of Florida

      _*People #_Population: 10,732,037 (July 1991), growth rate 1.0% (1991)

      _#_Birth rate: 18 births/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Net migration rate: - 1 migrant/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Infant mortality rate: 12 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

      _#_Life expectancy at birth: 73 years male, 78 years female (1991)

      _#_Total fertility rate: 1.9 children born/woman (1991)

      _#_Nationality: noun—Cuban(s); adjective—Cuban

      _#_Ethnic divisions: mulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1%

      _#_Religion: 85% nominally Roman Catholic before Castro assumed power

      _#_Language: Spanish

      _#_Literacy: 94% (male 95%, female 93%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

      _#_Labor force: 3,578,800 in state sector; services and government 30%, industry 22%, agriculture 20%, commerce 11%, construction 10%, transportation and communications 7% (June 1990); economically active population 4,620,800 (1988)

      _#_Organized labor: Workers Central Union of Cuba (CTC), only labor federation approved by government; 2,910,000 members; the CTC is an umbrella organization composed of 17 member unions

      _*Government #_Long-form name: Republic of Cuba

      _#_Type: Communist state

      _#_Capital: Havana

      _#_Administrative divisions: 14 provinces (provincias, singular—provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Ciudad de La Habana, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara

      _#_Independence: 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902)

      _#_Constitution: 24 February 1976

      _#_Legal system: based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      _#_National holiday: Revolution Day, 1 January (1959)

      _#_Executive branch: president of the Council of State, first vice president of the Council of State, Council of State, president of the Council of Ministers, first vice president of the Council of Ministers, Council of Ministers

      _#_Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly of the People's Power (Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular)

      _#_Judicial branch: People's Supreme Court

      _#_Leaders:

      Chief of State and Head of Government—President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz (became Prime Minister in February 1959 and President since 2 December 1976); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December 1976)

      _#_Political parties and leaders: only party—Cuban Communist Party (PCC), Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first secretary

      _#_Suffrage: universal at age 16

      _#_Elections:

      National Assembly of the People's Power—last held NA December 1986 (next to be held December 1991); results—PCC is the only party; seats—(510 total) PCC 510 (indirectly elected)

      _#_Communists: about 600,000 full and candidate members

      _#_Member of: CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBEC, ICAO, IFAD, IIB, ILO, IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), LORCS, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), OPANAL (observer), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

      _#_Diplomatic representation: none; protecting power in the US is Switzerland—Cuban Interests Section; Counselor Jose Antonio ARBESU Fraga; 2630 and 2639 16th Street NW, Washington DC 20009; telephone (202) 797–8518 or 8519, 8520, 8609, 8610;

      US—protecting power in Cuba is Switzerland—US Interests Section;

       Principal Officer Alan H. FLANIGAN; Calzada entre L y M, Vedado Seccion,

       Havana (mailing address is USINT, c/o International Purchasing Group,

       2052 NW 93rd Avenue, Miami, FL 33172); telephone 329–700

      _#_Flag: five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white five-pointed star in the center

      _*Economy #_Overview: The economy, centrally planned and largely state owned, is highly dependent on the agricultural sector and foreign trade. Sugar provides about 75% of export revenues and over half is exported to the USSR. The economy has stagnated since 1985 under policies that have deemphasized material incentives in the workplace, abolished farmers' informal produce markets, and raised prices of government-supplied goods and services. In 1990 the economy probably fell 3%, largely as a result of declining trade with the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Recently the government has been trying to increase trade with Latin America and China. Cuba has had difficulty servicing its foreign debt since 1982. The government currently is encouraging foreign investment in tourist facilities. Other investment priorities include sugar, basic foods, and nickel. The annual $4 billion Soviet subsidy, a main prop to Cuba's threadbare economy, is likely to show a substantial decline over the next few years in view of the USSR's mounting economic problems. Instead of highly subsidized trade, Cuba will be shifting to trade at market prices in convertible currencies. In early 1991, the shortages of fuels, spare parts, and industrial products in general had become so severe as to amount to a deindustrialization process in the eyes of some observers.

      _#_GNP: $20.9 billion, per capita $2,000; real growth rate - 3% (1990 est.)

      _#_Inflation СКАЧАТЬ