The 1991 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ 620,000 kW capacity; 1,770 million kWh produced, 2,530 kWh per capita (1989)

      _#_Industries: food, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metal products, tourism, wood products

      _#_Agriculture: accounts for 7% of GDP and employs 22% of labor force; major crops—potatoes, vegetables, barley, grapes, olives, and citrus fruits; vegetables and fruit provide 25% of export revenues

      _#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $292 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–87), $230 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $62 million; Communist countries (1970–89), $24 million

      _#_Currency: Cypriot pound (plural—pounds) and in Turkish area,

       Turkish lira (plural—liras); 1 Cypriot pound (5C) = 100 cents and

       1 Turkish lira

       (TL) = 100 kurus

      _#_Exchange rates: Cypriot pounds (5C) per US$1—0.4325 (December 1990), 0.4572 (1990), 0.4933 (1989), 0.4663 (1988), 0.4807 (1987), 0.5167 (1986), 0.6095 (1985); in Turkish area, Turkish liras (TL) per US$1—2,873.9 (December 1990), 2,608.6 (1990), 2,121.7 (1989), 1,422.3 (1988), 857.2 (1987), 674.5 (1986), 522.0 (1985)

      _#_Fiscal year: calendar year

      _*Communications #_Highways: 10,780 km total; 5,170 km bituminous surface treated; 5,610 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth

      _#_Ports: Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Paphos

      _#_Merchant marine: 1,169 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 19,310,063 GRT/34,338,028 DWT; 10 short-sea passenger, 2 passenger-cargo, 435 cargo, 76 refrigerated cargo, 20 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 48 container, 4 multifunction large load carrier, 111 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 2 specialized tanker, 8 liquefied gas, 17 chemical tanker, 30 combination ore/oil, 360 bulk, 2 vehicle carrier, 44 combination bulk; note—a flag of convenience registry; Cuba owns at least 25 of these ships, USSR owns 52, and Yugoslavia owns 1

      _#_Civil air: 11 major transport aircraft

      _#_Airports: 13 total, 13 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 7 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 2 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

      _#_Telecommunications: excellent in the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek area), moderately good in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area; 210,000 telephones; stations—14 AM, 7 (7 repeaters) FM, 2 (40 repeaters) TV; tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece and Turkey; 3 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations—INTELSAT, 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, and EUTELSAT systems

      _*Defense Forces #_Branches: Greek area—Greek Cypriot National Guard (GCNG; includes air and naval elements), Greek Cypriot Police; Turkish area—Turkish Cypriot Security Force

      _#_Manpower availability: males 15–49, 182,426; 125,839 fit for military service; 5,169 reach military age (18) annually

      _#Defense expenditures: $209 million, 5% of GDP (1990 est.) % @Czechoslovakia *Geography #_Total area: 127,870 km2; land area: 125,460 km2

      _#_Comparative area: slightly larger than New York State

      _#_Land boundaries: 3,446 km total; Austria 548 km, Germany 815 km, Hungary 676 km, Poland 1,309 km, USSR 98 km

      _#_Coastline: none—landlocked

      _#_Maritime claims: none—landlocked

      _#_Disputes: Nagymaros Dam dispute with Hungary

      _#_Climate: temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

      _#_Terrain: mixture of hills and mountains separated by plains and basins

      _#_Natural resources: coal, timber, lignite, uranium, magnesite, iron ore, copper, zinc

      _#_Land use: arable land 40%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 13%; forest and woodland 37%; other 9%; includes irrigated 1%

      _#_Environment: infrequent earthquakes; acid rain; water pollution; air pollution

      _#_Note: landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe

      _*People #_Population: 15,724,940 (July 1991), growth rate 0.3% (1991)

      _#_Birth rate: 14 births/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Death rate: 11 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Net migration rate: NEGL migrants/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Infant mortality rate: 11 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

      _#_Life expectancy at birth: 69 years male, 77 years female (1991)

      _#_Total fertility rate: 1.9 children born/woman (1991)

      _#_Nationality: noun—Czechoslovak(s); adjective—Czechoslovak

      _#_Ethnic divisions: Czech 62.9%, Slovak 31.8%, Hungarian 3.8%, Polish 0.5%, German 0.3%, Ukrainian 0.3%, Russian 0.1%, other 0.3%

      _#_Religion: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Orthodox 2%, other 28%

      _#_Language: Czech and Slovak (official), Hungarian

      _#_Literacy: 99% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write (1970 est.)

      _#_Labor force: 8,200,000 (1987); industry 36.9%, agriculture 12.3%, construction, communications, and other 50.8% (1982)

      _#_Organized labor: Czech and Slovak Confederation of Trade Unions (CSKOS); new independent trade unions forming

      _*Government #_Long-form name: Czech and Slovak Federal Republic; note—on 23 March 1990 the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was renamed the Czechoslovak Federative Republic; Slovak concerns about their status in the federation prompted the Federal Assembly to approve the name Czech and Slovak Federative Republic on 20 April 1990; on 23 April 1990 the name was modified to Czech and Slovak Federal Republic

      _#_Type: federal republic in transition to a confederative republic

      _#_Capital: Prague

      _#_Administrative divisions: 2 republics (republiky, singular—republika); Czech Republic (Ceska Republika), Slovak Republic (Slovenska Republika)

      _#_Independence: 28 October 1918 (from Austro-Hungarian Empire)

      _#_Constitution: 11 July 1960; amended in 1968 and 1970; new Czech, Slovak, and federal constitutions to be drafted in 1991–92

      _#_Legal system: civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes, modified by Communist legal theory; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code in process of modification to bring it in line with Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) obligations and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory

      _#_National holiday: National Liberation Day, 9 May (1945) and Founding of СКАЧАТЬ