The 1991 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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СКАЧАТЬ since 1983. A sluggish growth rate of 1.5% during 1985–90 has led to large budget deficits, declining incomes, and balance-of-payments difficulties.

      _#_GDP: $245 million, per capita $530; real growth rate 1.5% (1990 est.)

      _#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.9% (1989)

      _#_Unemployment rate: over 16% (1988 est.)

      _#_Budget: revenues $88 million; expenditures $92 million, including capital expenditures of $13 million (1990 est.)

      _#_Exports: $16 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.);

      commodities—vanilla, cloves, perfume oil, copra;

      partners—US 53%, France 41%, Africa 4%, FRG 2% (1988)

      _#_Imports: $41 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.);

      commodities—rice and other foodstuffs, cement, petroleum products, consumer goods;

      partners—Europe 62% (France 22%, other 40%), Africa 5%, Pakistan, China (1988)

      _#_External debt: $242 million (December 1990)

      _#_Industrial production: growth rate 3.4% (1988 est.); accounts for 5% of GDP

      _#_Electricity: 16,000 kW capacity; 24 million kWh produced, 55 kWh per capita (1989)

      _#_Industries: perfume distillation, textiles, furniture, jewelry, construction materials

      _#_Agriculture: accounts for 40% of GDP; most of population works in subsistence agriculture and fishing; plantations produce cash crops for export—vanilla, cloves, perfume essences, and copra; principal food crops—coconuts, bananas, cassava; world's leading producer of essence of ylang-ylang (for perfumes) and second-largest producer of vanilla; large net food importer

      _#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY80–89), $10 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–88), $406 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $22 million; Communist countries (1970–89), $18 million

      _#_Currency: Comoran franc (plural—francs); 1 Comoran franc (CF) = 100 centimes

      _#_Exchange rates: Comoran francs (CF) per US$1—256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985); note—linked to the French franc at 50 to 1 French franc

      _#_Fiscal year: calendar year

      _*Communications #_Highways: 750 km total; about 210 km bituminous, remainder crushed stone or gravel

      _#_Ports: Mutsamudu, Moroni

      _#_Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft

      _#_Airports: 4 total, 4 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 3 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

      _#_Telecommunications: sparse system of radio relay and high-frequency radio communication stations for interisland and external communications to Madagascar and Reunion; over 1,800 telephones; stations—2 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV

      _*Defense Forces #_Branches: Comoran Defense Force (FCD), Federal Gendarmerie (GFC)

      _#_Manpower availability: males 15–49, 101,332; 60,592 fit for military service

      _#Defense expenditures: $NA, 3% of GDP (1981) % @Congo *Geography #_Total area: 342,000 km2; land area: 341,500 km2

      _#_Comparative area: slightly smaller than Montana

      _#_Land boundaries: 5,504 km total; Angola 201 km, Cameroon 523 km, Central African Republic 467 km, Gabon 1,903 km, Zaire 2,410 km

      _#_Coastline: 169 km

      _#_Maritime claims:

      Territorial sea: 200 nm

      _#_Disputes: long section with Zaire along the Congo River is indefinite (no division of the river or its islands has been made)

      _#_Climate: tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); constantly high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator

      _#_Terrain: coastal plain, southern basin, central plateau, northern basin

      _#_Natural resources: petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc, uranium, copper, phosphates, natural gas

      _#_Land use: arable land 2%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and pastures 29%; forest and woodland 62%; other 7%

      _#_Environment: deforestation; about 70% of the population lives in Brazzaville, Pointe Noire, or along the railroad between them

      _*People #_Population: 2,309,444 (July 1991), growth rate 3.0% (1991)

      _#_Birth rate: 43 births/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Death rate: 13 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Infant mortality rate: 108 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

      _#_Life expectancy at birth: 52 years male, 56 years female (1991)

      _#_Total fertility rate: 5.7 children born/woman (1991)

      _#_Nationality: noun—Congolese (sing., pl.); adjective—Congolese or Congo

      _#_Ethnic divisions: about 15 ethnic groups divided into some 75 tribes, almost all Bantu; most important ethnic groups are Kongo (48%) in the south, Sangha (20%) and M'Bochi (12%) in the north, Teke (17%) in the center; about 8,500 Europeans, mostly French

      _#_Religion: Christian 50%, animist 48%, Muslim 2%

      _#_Language: French (official); many African languages with Lingala and Kikongo most widely used

      _#_Literacy: 57% (male 70%, female 44%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

      _#_Labor force: 79,100 wage earners; agriculture 75%, commerce, industry, and government 25%; 51% of population of working age; 40% of population economically active (1985)

      _#_Organized labor: 20% of labor force (1979 est.)

      _*Government #_Long-form name: Republic of the Congo

      _#_Type: republic

      _#_Capital: Brazzaville

      _#_Administrative divisions: 9 regions (regions, singular—region); Bouenza, Cuvette, Kouilou, Lekoumou, Likouala, Niari, Plateaux, Pool, Sangha; note—there may be a new capital district of Brazzaville

      _#_Independence: 15 August 1960 (from France; formerly Congo/Brazzaville)

      _#_Constitution: 8 July 1979, currently being modified

      _#_Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law

      _#_National holiday: National Day, 15 August (1960)

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